Glucose (G8270), lactose (17814), hydrogen peroxide (H1009), Carrez I solution (potassium hexacyanoferrate (II) trihydrate (60279)), Carrez II solution (zinc sulfate heptahydrate (31665)), magnesium chloride (M8266), triethylamine (TEA) hydrochloride (T1502), sodium citrate monobasic (71498), citric acid (27488), sodium phosphate monobasic (71496), sodium phosphate dibasic dihydrate (71645), potassium phosphate monobasic (795488), potassium phosphate dibasic (795496), iodonitrotetrazolium chloride (INT) (I8377), flavin adenine dinucleotide (F6625), Triton X‐100 (T9284), and imidazole (I202) were purchased from Sigma‐Aldrich, Arklow, Ireland. Vivinal GOS (Product # 598227; Lot # 704075) was kindly provided by Friesland Campina, Amersfoort, The Netherlands. Allolactose (O‐LAC6), 4‐nitrophenyl‐β‐d ‐galactopyranoside (O‐PNPBGAL), Glucose oxidase/catalase mixture (E‐GOXCA), hexokinase/Glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase mixture (E‐HKGDH), 6‐phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (E‐PGDHEC), diaphorase (E‐DIAEC), EcLacZ (E‐ECBGAL), A. oryzae (E‐BGLAN) and MZ104 β‐galactosidase enzyme mixtures were obtained from Megazyme, Bray, Ireland. Note that following the current study, all components required to perform the low‐lactose (LOLAC) assay were made available as an assay kit from Megazyme (K‐LOLAC).
Carrez solution 1
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in Germany
Carrez solution I is a laboratory reagent used for the precipitation and removal of proteins in sample preparation. It is a clarifying and deproteinizing agent commonly used in analytical chemistry and food analysis.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Carrez 2 solution, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Acetonitrile, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Formic acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Triton x 100, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Potassium phosphate dibasic, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Hydrogen peroxide, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Imidazole, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
K lolac, by Megazyme (1 mentions)
Flavin adenine dinucleotide, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Sodium phosphate dibasic dihydrate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Sodium citrate monobasic, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Sodium phosphate monobasic, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Potassium phosphate monobasic, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
D glucose, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Hydrochloric acid (hcl), by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Ethanol, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
D fructose, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
D melezitose, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
D sucrose, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Ferulic acid, by Extrasynthese (1 mentions)
5 protocols using carrez solution 1
1
Comprehensive Enzymatic Lactose Analysis
2
Analytical Standards for HPLC Analysis
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For the purpose of determinations, analytical purity reagents (analytical standards) designed for liquid chromatography were used: hydrochloric acid, formic acid, ethanol, and acetonitrile from Sigma Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany), and methanol from J.T. Baker Mallinckrodt Baker B.V. Holland. Buffers, ninhydrin, and a mixture of standards for amino acid identification were obtained from Sykam (Eresing, Germany), standardized for amino acid analyses in the physiological (native) range. Analytical standards of chlorogenic, caffeic, and ferulic acid for HPLC were obtained from Extrasynthese (Genay, France). Analytical standards D-(+)-glucose, D-(−)-fructose, D-(+)- sucrose, D-(+)- melezitose, D-(+)-turanose, D-(+)-trehalose, D-(+)-raffinose BioXtra, Ca, K, Mg, Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, Al, Cd, and Pb were obtained from Sigma- Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany), and D-(+)-maltose standard was obtained from Toronto Research Chemicals. Carrez I solution, Carrez II solution (Sigma Aldrich, Steinheim, Germany), and deionised water from a deioniser from Hydrolab Polska HLP 5P were used.
3
Analytical Reagents for Chemical Analyses
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Analytical grade reagents, standards, and solvents were used in chemical analyses. Folin–Ciocalteu reagent, sodium carbonate, gallic acid, glucose, fructose, AA and HMF standards, dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde (DMAC; F.W. 175.23), solvents (acetone, methanol, acetonitrile, formic acid, hydrochloric acid, acetic acid, and ethanol), Carrez solution I, Carrez solution II, and sodium hydroxide were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany).
4
Determination of Hydroxymethylfurfural in Honey
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Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) content of honeys was determined using the method described by White (1979) (link). Briefly, 0.5 g of each honey was weighed into a 50 mL flask containing 12.5 mL of water and 0.25 mL of Carrez Solution I (150 mg.mL-1 potassium ferrocyanide, Sigma). The solution was homogenized, 0.25 mL of Carrez Solution II (300 mg.mL-1 zinc acetate, Biochem Chemopharma) was added and the volume adjusted with distilled water to achieve 25 mL. All solutions were filtered (PES, 0.22 μm). A volume of 2.5 mL of each honey sample was collected to two 15 mL tubes: (i) 2.5 mL of water were added to tube 1, and (ii) 2.5 mL of 0.20% (w/v) sodium bisulfite (Sigma) were added to tube 2. The solutions were mixed and turbidimetry measured at 284 nm (A284) and 336 nm (A336) (UV-3100PC VWR Spectrometer). The HMF content was calculated using the formula HMF (mg.kg-1 of honey) = (A284 - A336) × 149.7 × 5/[weight of sample (g)].
5
Quantifying GABA-producing Lactic Acid Bacteria
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Putative GABA-producing LAB isolates were quantified through a spectrophotometric assay using the GABase enzyme. The isolated sample was centrifuged at 3,000 ×g for 10 min. The culture supernatants were treated with Carrez solution I (0.25 M potassium ferrocyanide; Sigma-Aldrich) and II (1.0 M zinc acetate; Samchun Chemical Co., Republic of Korea, 2% (v/v) glacial acetic acid; Daejung Chemical Co., Republic of Korea) for 30 min. The samples were then centrifuged at 10,000 ×g for 1 min. The reaction mixture for quantification consisted of 2.3 ml of 100 mM potassium pyrophosphate (Daejung Chemical Co.) buffer, 0.1 ml of 100 mM 2-mercaptoethanol solution (Sigma-Aldrich), 0.15 ml of 25 mM β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (β-NADP; Sigma-Aldrich), 100 mM α-ketoglutarate (Sigma-Aldrich), and 0.3 ml of 10-fold diluted sample. 2 units/ml of GABase enzyme (Sigma-Aldrich) was added to each sample, and incubated at 25°C for 1 h. GABA concentration was determined based on the absorbance at 340 nm using a spectrophotometer (Multiskan Sky; Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA).
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