P ampk

Paracetamol, NAC, other chemicals and solvents were bought from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). ELISA kits for detecting the release of mouse TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 were purchased from BioLegend Inc. (San Diego, CA, USA). Primary antibodies for Western blotting against the proteins COX-2, p-JNK, catalase, GPx, SOD, CYP2E1, AMPK, LKB1, CaMKKβ, p-AMPK, p-LKB1, and p-CaMKKβ were purchased from GeneTex (San Antonio, TX, USA). Antibodies against JNK, p-ERK, ERK, p-p38, and p-IκB-α were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Beverly, MA, USA). Antibodies against iNOS, NF-κB, IκBα, p38, HO-1, Nrf-2, and β-actin were purchased from Abcam (Cambridge, UK, USA). Protein assay kits (Bio-Rad Laboratories Ltd., Watford, Herts, UK) were obtained as indicated.

Trans-resveratrol was purchased from TCI Development Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). n-Butyric acid was procured from ACROS (Morris Plains, NJ, USA). N,N′-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, EDAC, and 4-dimethylaminopyridine, DMAP, were supplied by Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM) was supplied by Invitrogen Life Technologies (Carlsbad, MD, USA); fetal bovine serum, by Gibco-BRL (New York, NY, USA); and Bio-Rad protein assay kit, by Biorad (Hercules, CA, USA). The primary antibodies against p-AMPK, AMPK, and GAPDH were from GeneTex (Irvine, CA, USA). The primary antibodies against p-ACC, ACC, and SREPB-2 were from Cell Signaling Technology Inc. (Danvers, MA, USA).