A 3.0 Tesla (3T) MRI (Achieva, Philips Medical Systems, Best, Netherlands) was used to acquire all images. A previously published prostate mpMRI protocol was followed to obtain T2 weighted imaging (T2WI) with apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) mapping, diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) with high b value (b = 2000 s/mm2), and dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) sequences. A 16-channel surface-array coil (SENSE cardiac surface coil, Philips Medical Systems, Best, the Netherlands) positioned over the pelvis and an endorectal coil (BPX-30, BAYER, Medrad, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania) were also utilized. A single genitourinary radiologist with 9 years of experience interpreting prostate mpMRI evaluated all images.
All patients included in this analysis underwent standard-of-care, non-targeted transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) guided systematic 12-core biopsy in an outpatient setting. A single, genitourinary pathologist reviewed all core specimens. Clinically significant disease was defined as having any Gleason ≥ 7 (3 + 4) on histologic evaluation, and the highest histologic grade was recorded for each patient’s biopsy results. For patients who did not undergo systemic biopsy at National Institutes of Health, tissue from outside institutions was internally reviewed. Verified outside pathology reports were considered when specimens were not available.
All patients included in this analysis underwent standard-of-care, non-targeted transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) guided systematic 12-core biopsy in an outpatient setting. A single, genitourinary pathologist reviewed all core specimens. Clinically significant disease was defined as having any Gleason ≥ 7 (3 + 4) on histologic evaluation, and the highest histologic grade was recorded for each patient’s biopsy results. For patients who did not undergo systemic biopsy at National Institutes of Health, tissue from outside institutions was internally reviewed. Verified outside pathology reports were considered when specimens were not available.