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4 protocols using hrp substrate

1

Exploring VEGFR-2 and Integrin Signaling in HUVECs

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Primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were purchased from Cascade Biologics. FN, MGO and su6656 were obtained from Sigma. Recombinant VEGF‐A, recombinant RAGE, recombinant human integrin α5β1 protein, RAGE function‐blocking antibody, biotinylated anti‐RAGE antibody, biotinylated anti‐integrin β1 antibody, streptavidin‐HRP conjugate and HRP substrate were from R&D Systems. Growth‐factor‐reduced Matrigel Matrix was from BD Biosciences. Antibodies to phosphorylated VEGFR‐2, total VEGFR‐2, phosphorylated Akt, total Akt, phosphorylated extracellular regulated protein kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2), total ERK1/2, phosphorylated nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB), total NF‐κB and CD31 were from Cell Signaling Technology. Antibodies to FN and AGEs were from Abcam. Antibodies to RAGE and c‐Src were from Santa Cruz Biotechnology. Pierce classic IP kit was from Thermo Scientific.
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2

Quantifying Integrin-Binding Protein Availability

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The availability of
FN adsorbed on polymer surfaces as well as that of the RGD and synergy
domains was determined by ELISA. Samples were blocked for 30 min with
1% w/v BSA (Sigma-Aldrich). To determine the availability of FN, we
incubated rabbit polyclonal anti-FN antibody (Sigma-Aldrich, 1:10 000)
for 1 h, followed by a 1 h incubation with biotinylated horse antirabbit
secondary antibody (Vectorlabs, 1:10 000), both at room temperature
(RT). Samples were then incubated with HRP-streptavidin (R&D Systems)
for 20 min, washed, and incubated with HRP substrate (R&D Systems)
for 20 min. After stopping the reaction, using the stop solution,
absorbance was measured at 450 (maximal absorbance of the tag) and
540 nm (blank control, to determine background absorbance). To assess
the availability of cell-binding domains, we incubated samples at
RT with monoclonal mouse primary antibody (mAb1937, 1:20,000 in 1%
BSA or HFN 7.1 antibody for the synergy or RGD domain, respectively).
The samples were then washed with 0.5% Tween 20 and incubated with
goat antimouse HRP-tagged secondary antibody (1:10 000 in 1%
BSA solution) for 1 h (RT). After washing with 0.5% Tween 20, samples
were incubated with HRP substrate solution in the absence of light
for 20 min. The reaction was terminated with stop solution (R&D
Systems) and absorbance was measured.
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3

Measurement of hTSG-6 Secretion by ELISA

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Conditioned media was collected and centrifuged (600 g, 5 min) and human TSG-6 (hTSG-6) was measured as previously described [22 ] using a highly sensitive sandwich ELISA developed using commercially available antibodies [25 (link)] and validated by TSG-6 small interfering RNA (siRNA) in human MSC [25 (link)] and ASC [22 ]. Briefly, Nunc MaxiSorp 96-well plates were coated with rat anti-hTSG-6 antibody (A38.1.20; Santa Cruz) diluted in 0.2 M sodium bicarbonate buffer. Detection was performed using biotinylated goat anti-hTSG-6 antibody (BAF2104, R&D), Streptavidin-HRP (R&D), HRP Substrate (R&D) and quenched using 1 M H2SO4. To determine the extent of TSG-6 secretion relative to cell number, viable cell numbers were assessed by trypan blue exclusion and counted by hemocytometer. Recombinant human TSG-6 (2104-TS-050, R&D) in the absence and presence of FBS (2%) was used for standard curve (Additional file 2), since we found that the presence of FBS lowered the magnitude of HRP Substrate color development. This phenomenon may be due to TSG-6 forming TSG-6-HC covalent intermediate in the presence of IαI present in the serum and may explain why efforts to directly measure TSG-6 in human serum have been particularly challenging [26 (link)].
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4

Quantifying S. aureus-induced EsxA and EsxB

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We collected supernatants from S. aureus-infected HaCaT cells. An ELISA microplate was coated with the supernatants and left overnight at 4 ˚C. The next day, the supernatants were removed from the microplate, and the plate was washed three times with a washing buffer (1X PBS, 0.05% Tween 20). The microplate was blocked with a blocking buffer (1% bovine serum albumin, 5% sucrose, 0.01% sodium azide) for 2 h at room temperature (RT) and then washed three times. Anti-EsxA, anti-EsxB, and anti-CD55 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, TX, USA) antibodies (1:10 dilution) were added to each well. After incubation for 2 h, the microplate was washed three times, and a horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated antirabbit antibody (Santa Cruz Biotechnology) was added to each well and incubated for 1 h. After three more washes, the HRP substrate (R & D systems) was added to each well. The reaction was stopped using stop solution (0.16 M sulfuric acid), and the absorbance at 450 nm was read and presented after the subtraction of reagent-control values reacting against BSA-coated negative controls.
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