Dopamine

Manufactured by Merck Group

Sourced in United States, Germany, China, Sao Tome and Principe, France, United Kingdom, Italy, Belgium, Canada

Dopamine is a laboratory reagent used in various biochemical and analytical applications. It is a naturally occurring neurotransmitter that plays a crucial role in the human body. Dopamine is often used as a standard in the measurement and analysis of compounds with similar chemical structures and properties.

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Lab products found in correlation

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Spelling variants of this product

Dopamine (H8502, (5 citations) L-dopamine (4 citations) L-dopamine hydrochloride (3 citations) Dopamine hydrochloride powder (3 citations) Dopamine solution (3 citations) Dopamine standard (2 citations) Rabbit anti-dopamine pAb (2 citations) Dopamine D2 Receptor (2 citations) Dopamine Transporter (2 citations) 2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylamine hydrochloride (dopamine hydrochloride), (2 citations)

312 protocols using dopamine

Dopaminergic Regulation of Th17 Cell Function

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To evaluate the function of Th17-cells, CD4⁺ T-cells were isolated and activated by anti-CD3/CD28-microbeads as previously described [17 (link)].
To assess the effect of dopamine on the function of Th17-cells, samples of CD4⁺ T-cells were cultured in the presence of dopamine (Sigma, USA) at a concentration of 10^–5 M [9 (link)] for 15 min. whereafter anti-CD3/CD28-microbeads were added to the cultures.
To study the involvement of dopaminergic receptors in dopamine-mediated modulation of cytokine production, some samples of CD4⁺ T-cells were pre-incubated with antagonists of D₁- or D₂-like dopaminergic receptors (SCH23390 and sulpiride respectively) (both from Sigma, USA) at a concentration of 10^–5 M [9 (link)] for 15 min, whereafter dopamine (at 10^–5 M) was added to the cultures and stimulation was proceeded.
To study the direct effect of blockading or activation of the dopaminergic receptor, CD4⁺ T-cells were pre-incubated in the presence of D₁- or D₂-like receptors antagonists (SCH23390 and sulpiride respectively [at 10^–5 M]) or D₂-like receptor agonist (quinpirole [at 10^–7 M] Tocris, Switzerland) and activated by anti-CD3/CD28-microbeads [18 (link)].

Melnikov M., Sviridova A., Rogovskii V., Kudrin V., Murugin V., Boyko A, & Pashenkov M. (2022). The Role of D2-like Dopaminergic Receptor in Dopamine-mediated Modulation of Th17-cells in Multiple Sclerosis. Current Neuropharmacology, 20(8), 1632-1639.

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Dopamine-Induced Neuroblastoma Oxidative Stress

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The human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells (ECACC General Collection, cat# 94030304) were maintained at 37°C in a 5% CO₂ humidified atmosphere and cultured in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM), supplemented with 10% (v/v) heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum (FBS), 2 mM L-glutamine and antibiotics (100 U/ml penicillin and 100 μg/ml streptomycin). All cell culture media and reagents were from Euroclone (Pero, Milano, Italy). Cells were subcultured twice weekly and assessed to be mycoplasma-free. All treatments were performed between passages 6 and 9. Cells were seeded in five 225 cm² flasks for control (CTRL) and DA-treated (DA) conditions, respectively. CTRL: 700 U/ml catalase (Sigma-Aldrich) in complete culture medium, 24 h. DA: 250 μM dopamine (Sigma-Aldrich) in CTRL medium, 24 h. catalase was added to avoid the effects of extracellular oxidation of dopamine. Seven biological replicates were obtained.

Lualdi M., Ronci M., Zilocchi M., Corno F., Turilli E.S., Sponchiado M., Aceto A., Alberio T, & Fasano M. (2019). Exploring the Mitochondrial Degradome by the TAILS Proteomics Approach in a Cellular Model of Parkinson’s Disease. Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, 11, 195.

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Fabrication of Mn-decorated PEEK Biomaterials

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PEEK discs with diameters of 5.8, 13, and 21.4 mm were used for in vitro cytological experiments. In addition, PEEK discs of size Φ 1.2 mm × 10 mm were applied for in vivo animal studies. Each type of PEEK was purged using acetone, ethanol and deionized water in turn with ultrasonic treatment. Finally, all PEEK were stored in a dryer after drying at ambient temperature.
Firstly, dopamine (Sigma, United States) was added into Tris-HCl solution (10 mM) at pH 8.5 to prepare dopamine solution with a concentration of 2 mg mL⁻¹. The PEEK was subsequently soaked in dopamine solution over 12 h to prepare PDA-coated PEEK (PEEK-PDA), and then cleaned with deionized water under ultrasonication. Afterwards, the PEEK-PDA was dried at room temperature and stored for further experiments. PEEK-PDA was treated with MnCl₂ solution (1.25 mg/mL, Yuanye, China) for 1 h to obtain Mn decorated PEEK-PDA (PEEK-PDA-Mn). At last, all samples were cleaned with deionized water, dried at room temperature and autoclaved for the following experiments.

Yang X., Xiong S., Zhou J., Zhang Y., He H., Chen P., Li C., Wang Q., Shao Z, & Wang L. (2023). Coating of manganese functional polyetheretherketone implants for osseous interface integration. Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, 11, 1182187.

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Dopamine Polymerization for PDA Formation

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Dopamine was polymerized to form PDA by preparing 25 µM, 75 µM and 125 µM Dopamine (Sigma-Aldrich, Milwaukee, WI, USA) concentrations in 100 mM bicarbonate buffer. One mL of solution for each concentration of Dopamine was placed in cell culture suspension plates and left at room temperature for 3 h following the protocol discussed by Sheng et al. in their study [14 (link)].

Karan A., Khezerlou E., Rezaei F., Iasemidis L, & DeCoster M.A. (2020). Morphological Changes in Astrocytes by Self-Oxidation of Dopamine to Polydopamine and Quantification of Dopamine through Multivariate Regression Analysis of Polydopamine Images. Polymers, 12(11), 2483.

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Fluorescent Ligand Binding Assay Protocols

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VUF10661, AVP, dopamine, AngII, neurotensin, and isoproterenol were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). VUF10661 and isoproterenol were dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and stored in a desiccator cabinet. Stock solutions of AVP, AngII, and neurotensin (Sigma-Aldrich) were prepared according to the manufacturer’s specifications. TRV120023 was synthesized by Genscript (Piscataway, NJ). Stock solutions of neurotensin were made in 0.1% bovine serum albumin in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). dopamine was prepared fresh in BRET medium supplemented with 0.03% ascorbic acid (Sigma-Aldrich). H3192 and SR121463 cells were kindly provided by R. J. Lefkowitz. All drug dilutions were performed with BRET medium or cell culture medium. PTx was obtained from List Biological Laboratories (Campbell, CA). All compound stocks were stored at −20°C until use.

Smith J.S., Pack T.F., Inoue A., Lee C., Zheng K., Choi I., Eiger D.S., Warman A., Xiong X., Ma Z., Viswanathan G., Levitan I.M., Rochelle L.K., Staus D.P., Snyder J.C., Kahsai A.W., Caron M.G, & Rajagopal S. (2021). Noncanonical scaffolding of Gαi and β-arrestin by G protein–coupled receptors. Science (New York, N.Y.), 371(6534), eaay1833.

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Polydopamine Coating of 1V209-TMV

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Poly dopamine coat was added to 1V209-TMV using in situ oxidative polymerization of dopamine as previously reported.^{20 (link)} Briefly, we stirred 12 mg of dopamine (Sigma-Aldrich) with 8 mg of 1V209-TMV in 80 mL of Tris buffer (pH 8.5) at room temperature for 6 h. The reaction medium was centrifuged (25,000 ×g, 4 °C, 20 min), and the pelleted particles were washed first with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and after with Millipore water. Native TMV particles were coated using the same protocol to prepare TMV-PDA as well as blank PDA. Poly dopamine-coated particles were characterized by TEM and photothermal analysis.

Sekiguchi J., Ferguson D.O., Chen H.T., Yang E.M., Earle J., Frank K., Whitlow S., Gu Y., Xu Y., Nussenzweig A, & Alt F.W. (2001). Genetic interactions between ATM and the nonhomologous end-joining factors in genomic stability and development. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 98(6), 3243-3248.

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Antimicrobial Biomaterial Coatings

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Coatings were prepared according to a two-step method previously developed for immobilizing enzyme into magnetic nanoparticles [22] . Briefly, the first step involved the deposition of a pDA coating onto PDMS coupons which was performed by immersing them in 7 mL of a freshly prepared solution of dopamine (Sigma, St. Louis, Missouri; 2 mg/mL dopamine-HCl in 10 mM bicine buffer, pH 8.5) for 18 h at room temperature and under agitation (70 rpm). Coupons were then rinsed with ultrapure water. For further functionalization, pDA-coated coupons were immersed in a DNase I solution (1 mg/ml in 150 mM NaCl, 10 mM potassium phosphate buffer supplemented with 10 mM MgCl 2 , pH 6.8, pDA-DNase I) or in Palm solution (1 mg/mL in PBS, pH 7.4, pDA-Palm) and were incubated for 6 h, at room temperature under agitation (70 rpm). Co-immobilization was performed by immersing pDA-coated coupons in a mixture solution composed of DNase I and Palm (pDA-MIX). The proportion of each antimicrobial in the mixture solution was optimized and details can be found in the Supplementary Material (Fig. S1). After peptide and/or enzyme immobilization, the coupons were rinsed with ultrapure water.

Alves D., Magalhães A., Grzywacz D., Neubauer D., Kamysz W, & Pereira M.O. (2016). Co-immobilization of Palm and DNase I for the development of an effective anti-infective coating for catheter surfaces. Acta biomaterialia, 44.

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Dopamine Quantification in Ascorbic Acid

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All solvents were of high-performance LC grade. Acetonitrile, formic acid and dopamine were obtained from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Working solutions were prepared in ultrapure water provided by a Milli-Q system (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA). Each analytical stock solution (1 mg/ mL) was prepared in 0.111 M ascorbic acid in a 1:1 mixture solution to prevent oxidation and stored at 80 °C. A working internal standard solution (buffer A), 20 pg/μL of isoproterenol (Nacalai, Japan) was prepared in buffer B (50% Acetonitrile,0.1% formic acid, and 0.111 M ascorbic acid) immediately before analysis. Stock of 10 mg/mL dopamine standard were diluted in buffer A, followed by calibration curve in which dopamine stock was diluted in buffer A according to corresponding concentration (0.025, 0.25, 1.25, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 4.0 pg/μL).

Abdul Satar N.M., Ogawa S, & Parhar I.S. (2020). Kisspeptin-1 regulates forebrain dopaminergic neurons in the zebrafish. Scientific Reports, 10, 19361.

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Quantitative Analysis of Metabolites

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Uric acid, uricase, urea, glucose, creatinine, dopamine, and glutathione were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO), while o-phenylenediamine (OPD), histidine, and phenylalanine were obtained from Macklin Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Diethylenetriamine (DETA) was obtained from TCI Shanghai Chemical Industry Development Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). All chemicals used were of analytical grade. The ultrapure water (18.25 MΩ cm⁻¹) was used in all experiments and was prepared from a Milli-Q water purification system (Millipore, USA).

Li F., Rui J., Yan Z., Qiu P, & Tang X. (2021). A highly sensitive dual-read assay using nitrogen-doped carbon dots for the quantitation of uric acid in human serum and urine samples. Mikrochimica Acta, 188(9), 311.

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Dopamine effect on CNS B cells

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Flow cytometry-sorted CNS B cells or non-B APCs from late EAE mice were cultured in the presence of 50 µmol/L dopamine (Sigma-Aldrich) with 10 ng/mL LPS for 24 h, 48 h, and 96 h at 37 °C. Cells were then lysed for qRT-PCR assays.

Zhang C., Raveney B.J., Hohjoh H., Tomi C., Oki S, & Yamamura T. (2019). Extrapituitary prolactin promotes generation of Eomes-positive helper T cells mediating neuroinflammation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 116(42), 21131-21139.

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