Iu22 ultrasound system

Manufactured by Philips

Sourced in United States, Netherlands, Switzerland

The Philips IU22 ultrasound system is a medical imaging device designed for clinical diagnostic applications. It provides high-quality ultrasound imaging capabilities to support healthcare professionals in their clinical decision-making processes.

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Spelling variants of this product

IU22 system (26 citations) IU22 Ultrasound (10 citations) IU22 xMATRIX ultrasound system (8 citations) Ultrasound Systems IU22 (2 citations) IU22 Colour Doppler Ultrasound System (2 citations)

97 protocols using iu22 ultrasound system

Multimodal Imaging of Breast Lesions

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The lesions were not imaged via mammography due to the insufficient volume of the remaining tissue. Breast US was performed by a breast radiologist using 5-12 MHz linear-array transducers with one of two high-resolution ultrasound scanners (HDI 5000, Advanced Technology Laboratories, Bothell, WA, USA; iU22 Ultrasound System, Philips Ultrasound, Bothell, WA, USA). All six lesions were evaluated using color Doppler imaging. Four lesions were analyzed using strain elastography with an ultrasound scanner (iU22 Ultrasound System, Philips Ultrasound).
Positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) was performed to evaluate three lesions in two patients using a combined PET-CT scanner (Discovery ST, GE Healthcare, Milwaukee, WI, USA). All patients fasted for at least 6 hours before undergoing PET-CT. Serum glucose levels were checked to ensure that the level was <140 mg/dL. Sixty minutes after the intravenous injection of 370 MBq of ¹⁸F-2-deoxy-D-glucose, whole-body PET-CT was performed. The computed tomography (CT) images were acquired from the skull base to the upper thigh. Immediately after CT acquisition, positron emission tomography (PET) images were obtained with the patient in the same position.

Sung H.S, & Kim Y.S. (2016). Ultrasonographic features of traumatic neuromas in breast cancer patients after mastectomy. Ultrasonography, 36(1), 33-38.

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Transcranial Doppler and Carotid Ultrasound for Assessing Intracranial and Extracranial Artery Stenosis

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Intracranial artery stenosis (ICAS) was assessed through the use of a transcranial Doppler (TCD) by 2 independent experienced neurologists using portable machines (EME, Companion, Nicolet), according to standardized protocol and diagnosis criteria.26 Artery stenosis was defined by the peak systolic flow velocity as follows: >140 cm per second for the middle cerebral artery, or >120 cm per second for the anterior cerebral artery, or >100 cm per second for the posterior cerebral artery and vertebral‐basilar artery or >120 cm per second for the ICAS. Except for velocity criteria, the presence of turbulence or background noise, and whether the abnormal velocity was considered to be segmental.
Every participant also underwent a bilateral carotid duplex ultrasound (Philips iU‐22 ultrasound system, Philips Medical Systems, Bothell, WA, USA) to assess extracranial arterial stenosis (ECAS). Bilateral ECAS arteries included common carotid arteries, carotid bifurcation, the internal carotid artery and the external carotid artery. All participants were examined in the supine position with the head turned to the contralateral side. Both sides of the carotid arteries were evaluated for the presence of ECAS (≥50%), which was graded based on recommendations from the Society of Radiologists in Ultrasound Consensus Conference.29 ACAS was defined by the presence of at least one of ECAS or ICAS.

Wang Y., Zhou B., Zhou P., Yao Y., Cui Q., Liu Y., Yang J., Wu S., Zhao X, & Zhou Y. (2018). Association of lipoprotein‐associated phospholipase A2 mass with asymptomatic cerebral artery stenosis. Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, 22(4), 2329-2336.

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Elasticity Phantom Characterization via Ultrasound

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Experiments were performed on a tissue-mimicking elasticity QA phantom (Model 049A, CIRS Inc., Norfolk, VA, USA) and a breast elastography phantom (Model 059, CIRS Inc.). For the elasticity QA phantom, the Young’s moduli of the background and cylindrical inclusions were 25 ± 6 kPa and 80 ± 12 kPa (mean ± standard deviation), respectively. There were multiple cylindrical inclusions in the phantom and those used in the experiments had diameters between 2.5 and 10.4 mm. For the breast elastography phantom, 5 spherical inclusions of different sizes were randomly distributed within the phantom. And the Young’s moduli of the inclusions were at least two times greater than that of the background.
The ultrasound RF signals of the phantoms were recorded at a sampling frequency of 32 MHz and a frame rate of 91 Hz using a Philips iU22 ultrasound system (Philips Medical Systems, Bothell, WA, USA), equipped with an L9-3 linear array transducer. Each image consists of 320 lines, with a distance of 0.12 mm between adjacent lines. The RF data were acquired from the pre- and post-deformed phantom with freehand scan, as shown in Figure 3.Figure 3

The tissue-mimicking breast phantom used in the phantom study. The acquisition of ultrasound RF data of the breast phantom with freehand scan.

Pan X., Liu K., Bai J, & Luo J. (2014). A regularization-free elasticity reconstruction method for ultrasound elastography with freehand scan. BioMedical Engineering OnLine, 13, 132.

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Bladder Ultrasound and Stone Analysis

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The bladder was examined by ultrasound at various time points. Pre-warmed sterile saline was injected into the bladder via an 8 F catheter until maximum distension. Ultrasonography was carried out on a PHILIPS IU22 ultrasound system (Philips, Best, Netherlands). Bladder stone samples were collected, grinded by quartz dish, and further analyzed by a second-generation stone analysis machine (Lanmode LIR-20).

Zhang X.Z., Jiang Y.L., Hu J.G., Zhao L.M., Chen Q.Z., Liang Y., Zhang Y., Lei X.X., Wang R., Lei Y., Zhang Q.Y., Li-Ling J, & Xie H.Q. (2020). Procyanidins-crosslinked small intestine submucosa: A bladder patch promotes smooth muscle regeneration and bladder function restoration in a rabbit model. Bioactive Materials, 6(6), 1827-1838.

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Carotid Artery Stenosis Diagnosis through Duplex Ultrasound

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Each participant underwent a bilateral carotid duplex ultrasound examination (Philips iU-22 ultrasound system, Philips Medical Systems, Bothell, WA) to evaluate CAS as a part of their standard diagnostic workup. Bilateral carotid arteries, including the common carotid arteries (CCA), internal carotid arteries (ICA) and vertebral arteries (VA), were all examined with the participants in a supine position, head turning to the contralateral side. Both sides of carotid arteries were extensively evaluated. The carotid ultrasound examination results were then reviewed by two independent operators. Discrepancies between their evaluations were resolved by consensus. CAS diagnosis was made according to the peak systolic flow velocity (PSV) criteria that was published39 (link). Briefly to say, the PSV for different arteries were: >125 cm/s for the CCA and ICA; >170 cm/s for the VA. In addition, when visible plaque and lumen narrowing were seen, it would also be taken into consideration for CAS diagnosis regardless of PSV. CAS was diagnosed when at least one of the studied arteries showed evidence of stenosis.

Jia J., Wang A., Wang J., Wu J., Yan X., Zhou Y., Chen S, & Zhao X. (2016). Homocysteine and Its Relationship to Asymptomatic Carotid Stenosis in a Chinese Community Population. Scientific Reports, 6, 37361.

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Three-Dimensional Ultrasound Assessment of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm

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Patients did not routinely undergo any specific preparations such as fasting before the US examination. After 10 minutes of rest, patients were placed in a supine position. All US examinations were performed using a commercially available 3D matrix transducer (X6e1 xMATRIX, Philips Healthcare, Bothell, WA, USA) and US system (Philips iU22 Ultrasound System, Philips Healthcare, Bothell, WA, USA).
First, a US dual plane diameter was measured on the transverse display from the leading edge of the adventitia anterior wall to the leading edge of the adventitia posterior wall in peak systole. To obtain a correct antero-posterior image plane on the transverse display, it was checked that the AAA was horizontal on the longitudinal display (Fig. 1). Anatomic references to the lumbar vertebrae were not used. 2 Next, the 3D-US acquisition was performed during breath hold (<2 seconds) while the transducer was kept in a firm stable position above the cross section showing the maximum diameter. The 3D-US acquisitions were then transferred to a workstation and later handled in the experimental semi-automatic 3D software (Fig. 1).

Bredahl K., Sandholt B., Lönn L., Rouet L., Ardon R., Eiberg J.P, & Sillesen H. (2015). Three-dimensional ultrasound evaluation of small asymptomatic abdominal aortic aneurysms. European journal of vascular and endovascular surgery : the official journal of the European Society for Vascular Surgery, 49(3).

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Echocardiographic Evaluation of Cardiac Parameters

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Echocardiography was performed using similar methods as previously described [26 (link)]. Cardiac ultrasound systems (the iE33 Philips ultrasound system, iU Elite Philips ultrasound system, and iU 22 Philips ultrasound system) were used. The left ventricular (LV) diameters and the interventricular septal wall and posterior wall thickness were measured at end-diastole from M-mode recordings. The ejection fraction and fractional shortening were calculated using standard quantification methods with M-mode measurements from a two-dimensional image. The LV end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes were measured at end-diastole and end-systole from M-mode recordings and were calculated with the Teicholz’s correction of the cube formula.

Heizhati M., Zhang Y., Shao L., Wang Y., Yao X., Abulikemu S., Zhang D., Chang G., Zhou L, & Li N. (2018). Decreased serum potassium may disturb sleep homeostasis in essential hypertensives. Hypertension Research, 42(2), 174-181.

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Ultrasound Evaluation of Spinal Cord

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All spinal USG were performed by a single pediatric radiologist (SKY) with 5 years of experience using an IU-22 Philips ultrasound system (Philips Healthcare, Bothell, WA, USA) with a linear-array probe (12-5 MHz). A kyphotic curvature was created by placing the patient on a small pillow in a prone position and performing a midline scan over the spinous process. The Normal lumbar spine USG finding was as shown in Fig. 2A. We recorded the level of the tip of the conus medullaris (CM), the pulsation of CM or the nerve roots, the thickness and echogenicity of the filum terminale (FT), the presence of intraspinal mass, and normal variants including filar cysts and ventriculus terminalis.
The echogenicity of FT was compared to adjacent roots of the cauda equina. FT was considered thick when it measured more than 2 mm on transverse and longitudinal US and was considered fibrous or lipomatous nature. We considered it as “prominent FT” when the thickness of the echogenic FT was less than 2 mm. If the tip of the CM was below the L2–3 disc space, this was considered low-lying spinal cord. We defined the isolated low CM as the tip of CM is seen at L2–3 disc space or the L3 vertebral body level without evidence of tethering.9) The findings of additional imaging including follow-up US or MRI were also recorded.

Choi J.H., Lee T., Kwon H.H., You S.K, & Kang J.W. (2018). Outcome of ultrasonographic imaging in infants with sacral dimple. Korean Journal of Pediatrics, 61(6), 194-199.

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Bladder and Kidney Ultrasound Protocol

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Ultrasound of the urinary bladder and kidneys was performed using a Philips iU22 ultrasound system. Bipolar diameters were measured and compared with the reference values according to age [16] and length [17] . We defined nephromegaly as a kidney length > mean + 2 standard deviations for length. We also considered kidney length according to reference values for age.

Braat E., Hoste L., De Waele L., Gheysens O., Vermeersch P., Goffin K., Pottel H., Goemans N, & Levtchenko E. (2015). Renal function in children and adolescents with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Neuromuscular disorders : NMD, 25(5).

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Multimodal Imaging of Craniomandibular Structures

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Ultrasound images were obtained using a 15–7 MHz L15-7io hockey stick transducer (Philips iU22 Ultrasound System, Netherlands). The total US image acquisition time was approximately 10 minutes per patient.
MRI was performed using T1 coronal and sagittal images in both open- and closed-mouth positions as well as gradient kinetic dynamic sagittal images (GE Signa HDxt 1.5T, Milwaukee, USA) with the following parameters: coronal T1-weighted images with repetition time (TR) = 405 ms and echo time (TE) = 10 ms, sagittal proton-density-weighted images with TR = 2025 ms and TE = 30 ms, and sagittal T2^∗-weighted kinematic dynamic images with TR = 100 ms and TE = 10 ms. The total acquisition time was approximately 30 minutes per patient.

Friedman S.N., Grushka M., Beituni H.K., Rehman M., Bressler H.B, & Friedman L. (2020). Advanced Ultrasound Screening for Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) Internal Derangement. Radiology Research and Practice, 2020, 1809690.

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