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43 protocols using m3148

1

STORM Imaging Buffer Preparation

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Before imaging, samples were mounted in STORM imaging buffer, consisting of Tris (50 mM; pH 8.0), NaCl (10 mM), glucose (10 % wt/vol), β-mercaptoethanol (143 mM; Sigma, M3148), and an enzymatic oxygen scavenger system (1% vol/vol). The enzymatic oxygen scavenging system was added to the buffer immediately before use, and the 100× stock solution was prepared by mixing pyranose oxidase powder43 (link) (10 mg; Sigma, P4234) with catalase slurry (80 μl; Sigma, C100) in PBS (170 μl), and centrifuging the mixture at 13,000 r.p.m. for 1 min.
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2

Labeling Biotin-Coated Microspheres with Alexa Fluor 647

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A solution containing 500 μL of deionized water, 500 μL of
1×PBS, 50 μL of 9.78 μm diameter biotin-coated microsphere
solution (CP10000, Bangslab), and 0.5 μL of streptavidin-functionalized
Alexa Fluor 647 (S21374, Invitrogen) was prepared. This solution was centrifuged
for 20 min at 1340 rpm. The liquid was removed and replaced with 500 μL
of 1×PBS. 100 μL of the vortexed solution was added on the center
of a 25-mm-diameter coverslip, incubated for 20 min at RT, and sequentially
rinsed with deionized water. This coverslip was placed on a custom-made holder,
and 20 μL of imaging buffer (10% (w/v) glucose in 50 mM Tris (JT4109,
J.T.Baker), 50 mM NaCl (S271-500, Fisher Chemical), 10 mM MEA (M6500,
Sigma-Aldrich), 50 mM BME (M3148, Sigma-Aldrich), 2 mM COT (138924,
Sigma-Aldrich), 2.5 mM PCA (37580, Sigma-Aldrich), and 50 nM PCD (P8279,
Sigma-Aldrich), pH 8.0) was added on top of the coverslip. Then another cleaned
coverslip was placed on top of the imaging buffer. This coverslip sandwich was
sealed with two-component silicone dental glue.
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3

Culture of 46C mouse embryonic stem cells

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46C mESCs, kindly provided by Qi-Long Ying (University of Southern California, USA), were cultured in 0.1% gelatin-coated dishes at 37°C in 5% carbon dioxide. The medium used for routine maintenance was DMEM (Biological Industries, Israel) supplemented with 15% FBS (FND500, ExCell Bio, Australia), 1× MEM nonessential amino acids (N1250, Solarbio, China), 0.1 mM β-mercaptoethanol (M3148, Sigma) and 1000 U/ml LIF (LIF1010, Millipore, USA). Cells were digested by 0.05% Trypsin-EDTA solution every 2–3 days.
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4

Western Blot Analysis of Cell Lysates

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Cells grown in 6 cm dish were lysed on ice in lysis buffer (50 mM Tris-HCL [pH 7.4], 5 mM sodium fluoride, 5 mM sodium pyrophosphate, 1 mM Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), 1 mM Ethylene glycol-bis(β-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetic acid (EGTA), 250 mM mannitol, 1% [v/v] Triton X-100) containing protease inhibitor complex (04693159001, Roche). The protein concentrations of the lysates were measured using the BCA Assay kit (23225, Thermo). The lysates were boiled with NuPAGE LDS-PAGE sample buffer (1771559, Invitrogen) supplemented with 5% β-mercaptoethanol (M3148, Sigma) for 5 min. Equal amounts of protein were loaded on precast NuPAGE Bis-Tris Gels (NP0321BOX, Life Technologies) followed by transfer onto nitrocellulose membrane (1620115, Bio-Rad). The immunoblotting was performed with the following antibodies: anti-PFK1 (1:1000) (ab154804, Abcam), anti-β-Actin (1:5000) (A1978, Sigma), anti-caspase 3 (1:1000) (9665s, Cell signaling), anti-cleaved-caspase 3 (1:1000) (9664s, Cell Signaling), anti-p53 (1:200) (sc-126, Santa Cruz), anti-phospho p53 (1:1000) (9284, Cell Signaling), anti-p53 (1:1000) (32532, Cell Signaling).
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5

Feeder-free Culture of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells

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Mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) were cultured feeder-free in 0.1% gelatin-coated flasks (Sigma, G1890) under standard conditions (10% CO2, 5% O2, 90% humidity, 37 °C) in KnockOut DMEM (LifeTechnologies, 10829018), 2 mM Alanyl-glutamine (Sigma, G8541), 0.1 mM non-essential amino acids (Sigma, M7145) 15% fetal bovine serum (FBS) (Sigma, F7524), 0.1 mM β-mercaptoethanol (Sigma, M3148), ESGRO Leukemia Inhibitory Factor (LIF) (Millipore, ESG1107), Penicillin-Streptomycin (Sigma, P4333) and 2i: 1 μM MEK inhibitor PD0325901 (Sigma, PZ0162) and 3 μM GSK3 inhibitor CHIR99021 (Sigma, SML1046). Generation of H3.3 Knock-Out has been previously described6 (link). ESCs were routinely tested for mycoplasma.
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6

Genetically Engineered mESC Cultures

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E14 mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). Genetically engineered mESCs, including Rif1-CKO, HA-Rif1 KI, HA-Pcgf6 KI, HA-Mga KI, and 2C::tdTomato reporter cell lines were constructed and cultured in gelatin-coated plates using high-glucose Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM, HyClone, SH3002202b) supplemented with 15% ESC-qualified fetal bovine serum (FBS, Vistech, SE200-ES), 0.1 mM 2-mercaptoethanol (Sigma, m3148), 1× non-essential amino acids (NEAA, Gibco, 11140050), and 1000 U/mL of LIF (Millipore, ESG1107). For maintenance, mESCs were cultured in the serum-free ESGRO medium (Millipore, sf001–500p). The U2OS-LacO cells (kindly provided by Professor Xuebiao Yao) and HEK293T cells were maintained in high-glucose DMEM supplemented with 10% FBS (Vistech, SE100-B). All cell lines were tested for mycoplasma contamination, and cultured at 37 °C in a humidified incubator containing 5% CO2.
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7

Culturing INS-1E Cells in RPMI-1640

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INS-1E cells were cultured in RPMI-1640 medium (10-040CV, Corning), supplemented with 11.1 mmol/l glucose (G1008.01.AG, Synth), 5% fetal bovine serum (Vitrocell, Brazil), 10 mmol/l N-(2-Hydroxyethyl)piperazine-N′-(2-ethanesulfonic acid) (HEPES, H4034, Sigma), 100 U/ml penicillin/streptomycin (17-602F, Lonza), 1 mmol/l sodium pyruvate (P5280, Sigma), and 50 µmol/l 2-mercaptoethanol (M3148, Sigma), and kept under standard conditions (5% CO2 and 37 ºC).
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8

Pancreatic β Cell Line Cultivation

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The mouse pancreatic β cell lines (MIN6 and β-TC6) were from ATCC. NR4A1 overexpression cell lines (designated as OV) and control cell lines (designated as NC) were generated from MIN6 cells. MKP7 knockdown cells (defined as KD-MKP7 cells) or the control cell clone (defined as CON-MKP7 cells) were generated from β-TC6 cells. MIN6 and β-TC6 cells were cultured with high glucose DMEM (CM15019/10013, M&C GENE TECHNOLOGY), supplemented with 10% Fetal Bovine Serum (A3160801, Gibco), 70 μM β-mercaptoethanol (M3148, Sigma-Aldrich), 100X penicillin-streptomycin (CC004, M&C GENE TECHNOLOGY) in a humidified environment (95% air and 5% CO2) at 37 °C. OV cells and NC cells were cultured in the same medium as MIN6 cells plus puromycin at 2 μg/ml. MKP7 knockdown cells and the control cell clone were cultured in the same medium as β-TC6 cells plus neomycin (G418) at 1 mg/ml.
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9

Labeling Biotin-Coated Microspheres with Alexa Fluor 647

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A solution containing 500 μL of deionized water, 500 μL of
1×PBS, 50 μL of 9.78 μm diameter biotin-coated microsphere
solution (CP10000, Bangslab), and 0.5 μL of streptavidin-functionalized
Alexa Fluor 647 (S21374, Invitrogen) was prepared. This solution was centrifuged
for 20 min at 1340 rpm. The liquid was removed and replaced with 500 μL
of 1×PBS. 100 μL of the vortexed solution was added on the center
of a 25-mm-diameter coverslip, incubated for 20 min at RT, and sequentially
rinsed with deionized water. This coverslip was placed on a custom-made holder,
and 20 μL of imaging buffer (10% (w/v) glucose in 50 mM Tris (JT4109,
J.T.Baker), 50 mM NaCl (S271-500, Fisher Chemical), 10 mM MEA (M6500,
Sigma-Aldrich), 50 mM BME (M3148, Sigma-Aldrich), 2 mM COT (138924,
Sigma-Aldrich), 2.5 mM PCA (37580, Sigma-Aldrich), and 50 nM PCD (P8279,
Sigma-Aldrich), pH 8.0) was added on top of the coverslip. Then another cleaned
coverslip was placed on top of the imaging buffer. This coverslip sandwich was
sealed with two-component silicone dental glue.
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10

Culture of Mouse ESCs and Human iPSCs

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The 46C mouse ESCs were kindly provided by Qi-Long Ying (The University of Southern California) and were cultured in 0.1% gelatin-coated dishes at 37 °C in 5% CO2. The conventional cell culture conditions were Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (Biological Industries) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FND500, ExCell Bio), 1× MEM nonessential amino acids (N1250, Solarbio), 1× penicillin/streptomycin (P1400, Solarbio), 0.1 mM β-mercaptoethanol (M3148, Sigma), and LIF (made in house). Human transgene-free iPSCs were kindly provided by Nuwacell Ltd (ZSSY-001) and were cultured in ncTarget (RP01020, Nuwacell Ltd). Cells were dissociated using EDTA solution (RP01007, Nuwacell Ltd) every 3 to 5 days.
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