Potassium hydroxide

Manufactured by Thermo Fisher Scientific

Sourced in United States, United Kingdom, Germany, Belgium

Potassium hydroxide is a chemical compound that is commonly used in various laboratory applications. It is a white, crystalline solid that is highly soluble in water and has a strong alkaline nature. Potassium hydroxide is a powerful base and is often used as a reagent in chemical reactions, pH adjustments, and other laboratory procedures.

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97 protocols using potassium hydroxide

Analytical Chemical Characterization

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All chemicals used in this study are analytical grade and used without further purification, including potassium carbonate (K₂CO₃), potassium hydroxide (KOH), sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄), and nitric acid (HNO₃).
Other chemicals include 2,5-Hexandione and terephthaldehyde from (Alfa Aeser), sodium hydroxide, anhydrous ferric (III) chloride, zinc acetate, copper (II) acetate hydrate, cobalt (II) chloride hexahydrate, and nickel (II) sulfate hexahydrate from (Fisher Scientific), methylene blue dye (Merck-Schuchardt), organic solvents acetone, ethanol, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), dimethylformamide DMF are retrieved from Sigma-Aldrich and employed without extra distillation.

Sayed M.M., Abd El-Hamid I.S., M. El-Bery H., Farrag M., Abdelhakiem A.K, & Aly K.I. (2022). Synthesis, characterization and application of high adsorption performance of novel 1,4-polyketone. Scientific Reports, 12, 16317.

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Synthesis of Electrochemical Catalysts

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Cobalt (II) nitrate hexahydrate (98%), iron (II) sulfate heptahydrate (98%), zinc nitrate hexahydrate (99%), 2-methylimidazole (99%) zinc acetate dihydrate (98%), Pt/C (20%), dopamine hydrochloride (99%), 3-tris (hydorxymethyl) aminomethane (99.8%-100.1%), sodium thiocyanate (98%), potassium hydroxide (99.98%), sodium acetate trihydrate (99%), glacial acetic acid (99.9985%), and zinc foil (99.994%) were purchased from Alfa Aesar. Methanol and ethanol were received from Beijing Chemical Work Co. in analytic grade (AR). All chemicals were used as received without further purification. Nafion® solution (5 wt%, DuPont) was obtained from commercial suppliers. Milli-Q ultrapure water (resistance of 18.2 MΩ·cm at 25 °C) was used for all experiments.

Jiang Z., Liu X., Liu X.Z., Huang S., Liu Y., Yao Z.C., Zhang Y., Zhang Q.H., Gu L., Zheng L.R., Li L., Zhang J., Fan Y., Tang T., Zhuang Z, & Hu J.S. (2023). Interfacial assembly of binary atomic metal-Nx sites for high-performance energy devices. Nature Communications, 14, 1822.

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Synthesis and Purification of Polymeric Materials

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Diethyl propylmalonate (99%), potassium hydroxide, and diethylamine (99%+) were purchased from Alfa Aesar and used without further purification. A formaldehyde solution (36.5−38.0%) was obtained from Mallinckrodt Chemicals and used as received. Concentrated sulfuric acid was purchased from Fisher and used directly. N-Isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm), poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether (MA-PEG), and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) were purchased from VWR. NIPAAm was recrystallized three times by hexane. MA-PEG and HEMA were purified by vacuum distillation. Trimethylene carbonate was obtained from Boehringer Ingelheim and used without further purification. All solvents were purchased from VWR and used as received.

Li Z., Fan Z., Xu Y., Lo W., Wang X., Niu H., Li X., Xie X., Khan M, & Guan J. (2016). pH-Sensitive and Thermosensitive Hydrogels as Stem-Cell Carriers for Cardiac Therapy. ACS applied materials & interfaces, 8(17), 10752-10760.

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Synthesis of Electrocatalytic Materials

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Ethanol (C₂H₅OH, Decon Labs, Inc.), ammonium heptmolybdate [(NH₄)₆Mo₇O₂₄·4H₂O, 98%, Sigma-Aldrich], nickel(II) nitrate hexahydrate (Ni(NO₃)₂·6H₂O, 98%, Sigma-Aldrich), iron (III) nitrate hexahydrate (Fe(NO₃)₃·9H₂O, 98%, Sigma-Aldrich), N, N Dimethylformamide [DMF, (CH₃)₂NC(O)H, anhydrous, 99.8%, Sigma-Aldrich], platinum powder (Pt, nominally 20% on carbon black, Alfa Aesar), iridium oxide powder (IrO2, 99%, Alfa Aesar), Nafion (117 solution, 5% wt, Sigma-Aldrich), sodium chloride (NaCl, Fisher Chemical), potassium hydroxide (KOH, 50% w/v, Alfa Aesar), and Ni foam (thickness: 1.6 mm, porosity: ~95%) were used as received. Deionized (DI) water (resistivity: 18.3 MΩ·cm) was used for the preparation of all aqueous solutions.

Yu L., Zhu Q., Song S., McElhenny B., Wang D., Wu C., Qin Z., Bao J., Yu Y., Chen S, & Ren Z. (2019). Non-noble metal-nitride based electrocatalysts for high-performance alkaline seawater electrolysis. Nature Communications, 10, 5106.

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Synthesis of Metal-Based Catalysts

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Sodium chloride, potassium chloride, potassium hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide, sulfuric acid, silver nitrate (AgNO₃), potassium tetrachloroplatinate (K₂PtCl₄), potassium hexachloroplatinate (K₂PtCl₆), and potassium chloroaurate (K₂AuCl₄) are from Alfa Aesar. Perchloric acid is from Fisher Scientific. Organic reagents including AR (analytical reagent) grade acetone, ethanol, and ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid disodium are from J&K Chemicals. The substrate Ni foam (purity, 99.9%; thickness, 1.5 mm; pore density, 100 ppi) is from Zhuoer Advanced Metallic Materials. The substrate was cleaned using ultrasonication with ethanol (>99.7%), hydrochloric acid (2%), and deionized (DI) water (18.3 megohms·cm, Merck Millipore).

Li M., Ma Q., Zi W., Liu X., Zhu X, & Liu S.(. (2015). Pt monolayer coating on complex network substrate with high catalytic activity for the hydrogen evolution reaction. Science Advances, 1(8), e1400268.

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Synthesis of Pt/C Electrocatalyst

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Potassium citrate (K₃C₆H₅O₇·H₂O), nickel (II) nitrate hexahydrate (Ni(NO₃)₂·6H₂O), Nafion solution (5 wt%) and potassium hydroxide (KOH) were purchased from Alfa Aesar. Concentrated sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich. Commercial 20 wt% Pt/C was purchased from Johnson Matthey Company. The deionized water (18.2 MΩ) was produced by the Millipore Milli-Q water purification system. All reagents were used directly without further purification.

Zhao L., Zhang Y., Zhao Z., Zhang Q.H., Huang L.B., Gu L., Lu G., Hu J.S, & Wan L.J. (2019). Steering elementary steps towards efficient alkaline hydrogen evolution via size-dependent Ni/NiO nanoscale heterosurfaces. National Science Review, 7(1), 27-36.

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Synthesis of Carbazole Derivatives

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Reagents and solvents were obtained from commercial sources and used as received. Carbazole (95%), acetic anhydride (99%), copper (II) nitrate trihydrate (98%), and acetic acid (99.8%) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich. Dimethoxymethane (95%) and palladium on activated carbon, 10% Pd/C, were purchased from Acros. 1-Fluoro-4-nitrobenzene (99%), potassium carbonate (99%), potassium hydroxide (KOH, 90%), trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (F₃CSO₃H, 98%), and hydrazine hydrate (98%) were ordered from Alfa Aesar. Methanol (99.8%), acetone (99.5%), ethylacetate (EA, 99.8%), petroleum ether (≥90%), tetrahydrofuran (THF, 99.9%), ethanol (99.8%), and dichloromethane (DCM, 99.8%) were obtained from Showa (Tokyo, Japan).

EL-Mahdy A.F., Lüder J., Kotp M.G, & Kuo S.W. (2021). A Tröger’s Base-Derived Covalent Organic Polymer Containing Carbazole Units as a High-Performance Supercapacitor. Polymers, 13(9), 1385.

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Synthesis and Characterization of L-PLA

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White sugar and black tea were obtained from Rui Fu food Co., Ltd., in Tainan, Taiwan. L-PLA, sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and Potassium hydroxide (KOH) were purchased from Alfa-Aesar Co., Ltd., inTewksbury, MA, USA. DEME high glucose medium and fetal calf serum were purchased from Gibco, USA. All chemicals were used as received without further purification.

Wu Y., Wang Y., Wang F., Huang Y, & He J. (2022). Preparation of 3D Printed Polylactic Acid/Bacterial Cellulose Composite Scaffold for Tissue Engineering Applications. Polymers, 14(21), 4756.

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Synthesis of Metal Nitrate Nanocomposites

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Nickel(ii) nitrate hexahydrate [Ni(NO₃)₂·6H₂O, 98.0%], cobalt(ii) nitrate hexahydrate [Co(NO₃)₂·6H₂O, 99.0%], iron(ii) nitrate nonahydrate [Fe(NO₃)₂·9H₂O, 98.0%], ammonium fluoride [NH₄F, ≥98.0%] and urea [CO(NH₂)₂, ≥98.0%] were procured from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd, while oleylamine [C₁₈H₃₇N, 99.0%] and ethanol (C₂H₅OH; 99.9 wt%) were purchased from Aladdin Reagent Co. Ltd. Potassium hydroxide [KOH, ≥95%] was obtained from Alfa Aesar. The deionized (DI) water used in this study was obtained from a Millipore Autopure system with a resistivity of 18.25 MΩ cm⁻¹. All other materials were of analytical grade and did not require further purification before use.

Helal G., Xu Z., Zuo W., Yu Y., Liu J., Su H., Xu J., Li H., Cheng G, & Zhao P. (2024). Electrochemical water splitting enhancement by introducing mesoporous NiCoFe-trimetallic phosphide nanosheets as catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction. RSC Advances, 14(24), 17202-17212.

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Synthesis of Organometallic Complexes

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Silver nitrate (AgNO₃, >99.9%), Silver tetrafluoroborate (AgBF₄, 99%), 3,3‐dimethyl‐1‐butyne (HC≡C^tBu, 98%), tetrabutylammonium chloride (Bu₄NCl, 95%), tetrabutylammonium fluoride (Bu₄NF, 99%), tetrabutylammonium bromide (Bu₄NBr, >99%), potassium hydroxide (KOH, >85%), and potassium chloride (KCl, >99%) were purchased from Alfa Aesar. Triethylamine (Et₃N, >99%), sodium borohydride (NaBH₄, 99%), tetraphenylphosphonium bromide (PPh₄Br, 97%), and deuterium oxide (D₂O, 99.9 at% D) were purchased from Merck. 2,4‐dimethylbenzenethiol (HSPhMe₂, >96%) was purchased from Tokyo Chemical Industry. Extra‐pure grade methanol, n‐pentane, n‐hexane, diethyl ether, dichloromethane (CH₂Cl₂), and tetrahydrofuran (THF) were used. Water was purified using a Millipore Milli‐Q system (DI water, 18.2 MΩ cm). All chemicals were used as received without further purification.

Seong H., Chang K., Sun F., Lee S., Han S.M., Kim Y., Choi C.H., Tang Q, & Lee D. (2023). ClAg14(C≡CtBu)12 Nanoclusters as Efficient and Selective Electrocatalysts Toward Industrially Relevant CO2 Conversion. Advanced Science, 11(10), 2306089.

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