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11 protocols using normal rabbit igg

1

ChIP Assay for Protein-DNA Interactions

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The ChIP assay was performed using the BeyoChIP™ ChIP Assay Kit (Beyotime, Shanghai, China) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Briefly, 1 × 107 CRC cells were prepared and then cross-linked with 1% formaldehyde for 15 min at room temperature. The cross-linking process was quenched by adding 0.125 M glycine. Chromatin was isolated with the lysis buffer provided in the kit. Afterwards, sonication was performed to shear the DNA to 200–1000 bp. Immunoprecipitation of cross-linked protein/DNA was performed by incubating anti-YBX1 antibody (Proteintech, IL, USA) or normal rabbit IgG (Proteintech, IL, USA) with sheared chromatin overnight at 4 °C followed by incubation with Protein A/G Magnetic Beads for 2 h. Subsequently, cross-links of protein/DNA were released with 5 M NaCl, and the DNA was purified using a PCR Clean Up Kit (Beyotime, Shanghai, China). Finally, the purified DNA was subjected to qRT–PCR using the P1-P9 primer sequences listed in Additional file 1: Table S4.
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2

Anti-AGO2 RIP Assay Protocol

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As reported by a previous study (31 (link)), we also used the Magna RIP RNA-Binding Protein Immunoprecipitation kit (Millipore, Billerica, USA) to conduct the anti-AGO2 RIP assay. Extracts of the treated SK-MES-1R and NCI-H226R cells in RIP buffer were incubated with normal rabbit IgG (Proteintech Group, Inc.; Wuhan, China) and AGO2 antibodies (Cell Signaling Technology), which were combined with magnetic beads. We isolated the immunoprecipitated RNAs and examined genes using RT-qPCR.
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3

Immunoprecipitation-sequencing of ALKBH5-bound RNA

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For immunoprecipitation-sequencing, total RNA was isolated from peritoneal macrophage. Briefly, macrophages with and without Ang II treatment were re-suspended and lysed in RIP lysis buffer, and the lysates were used as input. Then, lysates were incubated with ALKBH5 antibody in RIP immunoprecipitation buffer at 4 °C for 4 hours. Normal Rabbit IgG (Proteintech) was used as a negative control. The lysates were immunoprecipitated by Protein A/G beads (Repligen) at 4 °C for an additional 2 hours. The magnetic bead-bound complexes were centrifuged and washed for 5 times. The precipitated RNA samples were extracted and purified with phenol, chloroform and isoamyl alcohol, and the immunoprecipitated RNA was used to construct RNA libraries. Then, library sequencing was performed by illumine HiSeq 4000 sequencer with 150 bp paired-end reads. Data analysis was performed according to the published procedure.
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4

IL-10-induced STAT3 phosphorylation ChIP

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CHIP was performed using Ishikawa cells which were treated with IL-10 in advance. Then we added 37% formaldehyde at 1% final concentration to the cells for 10 min at room temperature to cross-link proteins to DNA. After that, the remaining steps were carried out according to the manufacturer’s instructions for the ChIP assay kit (Beyotime, China, Cat: P2078). The antibodies used were anti-p-STAT3 (CST, USA, Cat: 9145) and normal rabbit IgG (Proteintech, China, Cat: B900610). The enriched DNA was analyzed utilizing the primers by real-time PCR.
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5

Anti-AGO2 RIP Assay for miRNA Identification

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For anti-AGO2 RIP, CAL27, and SCC9 cells were transfected with hsa-miR-197-3p, hsa-miR-761, hsa-miR-204-5p, hsa-miR-211-5p, hsa-miR-134-5p, or microRNA negative control. After 48 h transfection, cells were performed for RIP assays using a Magna RIP RNA-Binding Protein Immunoprecipitation kit as previously reported (Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA)47 (link). Briefly, Ago2 antibody (Cell Signaling Technology, Beverly, MA) and normal rabbit IgG (Proteintech), as the negative control, were conjugated to magnetic beads and were incubated with the cell extract in RIP buffer. The immunoprecipitated RNAs were isolated and were examined by real-time PCR. The input controls and IgG controls were assayed simultaneously to demonstrate that the detected signals were the result of RNAs specifically binding to Ago2.
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6

Chromatin Immunoprecipitation of ELK1 in Ishikawa Cells

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Chromatin immunoprecipitation was performed using Ishikawa cells, which were treated with 37% formaldehyde (Sigma, USA) at 1% final concentration for 10 min at room temperature to cross-link proteins to DNA. After that, the remaining steps were carried out according to the manufacturer’s instructions for the ChIP assay kit (Beyotime, China). The antibodies used were anti-ELK1 (Proteintech, China) and normal rabbit IgG (Proteintech, China). The enriched DNA was analyzed utilizing the primers by real-time PCR.
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7

Chromatin Immunoprecipitation of SREBP-1c in PNPLA3 Regulation

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Chromatin was prepared from liver tissue or HepG2 cells. Chromatin was ultrasonically sheared using a Bioruptor UCD-200 (Diagenode, Belgium), and then immunoprecipitated with anti-H3k9Ac (9649 s, CST), anti-SREBP-1c (sc-13551, Santa Cruz). Normal rabbit IgG (B900610, Proteintech) was used as a mock antibody for negative control. After immunoprecipitating, reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was performed. The primers were designed to amplify the reported SREBP-1c binding region (SRE) in mouse and human PNPLA3 promoter [10 (link), 11 (link)]. The primer sequences are as follow: mouse: forward 5’-CCTCCCACTGGCTTATTTGC-3’, reverse: 5’-CCGGTGTTGCTGCTCTGAG-3’, human: forward 5’- GCCATCGCCCTCCC AG-3’, reverse: 5’-GGGTGGGGACGACGT-3’. The recruitment is expressed as fold enrichment over IgG (mock).
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8

FOXO1-SIRT1 Interaction in ESCs

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Co-IP was performed in lysates prepared from pre-treated primary ESCs (120 mg of total protein) using an FOXO1 antibody (Cell Signaling Technology) or normal rabbit IgG (Proteintech) overnight at 4°C with gentle rotation. On the next morning, the protein-antibody complex was incubated with 20 μl of magnetic Protein A + G Beads (Millipore, Billerica, United States) for 1 h at 4°C with gentle rotation. Then, the antibody-protein-bead complex was washed five times with co-IP buffer (Cell Signalling Technology). Then, the protein in the complex was eluted with 20 μl of 1× loading buffer and boiled before running on a 10% SDS-polyacrylamide gel and transferred to a nitrocellulose membrane. After blocking, FOXO1-combined SIRT1 protein was immunoblotted using antibodies against SIRT1.
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9

Mapping CTCF Binding Sites on WNT4 Genome

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Cells were crosslinked with 1% formaldehyde and quenched in glycine solution. ChIP assay was performed by Pierce Magnetic Chip Kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific), according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Two micrograms of anti-CTCF antibody (Abcam) and normal rabbit IgG (ProteinTech) were used for immunoprecipitation. ChIP-enriched DNA samples were quantified by qPCR to determine the CTCF binding sites of WNT4 genome. The value was shown as relative enrichment normalized to IgG. Primers used for ChIP-qPCR were as follows:
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10

ChIP Analysis of NF-κB Binding

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ChIP analysis was carried out as previously reported [34 (link)]. Briefly, cells were fixed in 1% formaldehyde, and a Bioruptor Sonicator (Diagenode; five cycles of 3 s on/3 s off) was used to fragment the DNA into sizes ranging between 200 and 1000 base pairs. The extracts were immunoprecipitated with protein A/G beads and incubated with antibodies against anti-NF-κB antibody (Cell Signaling Technology; #8242) and normal rabbit IgG (Proteintech Group, Inc, Rosemont, IL, USA; 30000-0-AP). The immunoprecipitated DNA fragment was then purified and validated using PCR analysis.
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