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17 protocols using milli q advantage system

1

Comprehensive Phytochemical Analysis Protocol

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Standards quinic acid (1), caffeic acid (2), gallic acid (4), vanillic acid (5), catechin (7), epicatechin (9), ferulic acid (13), chrysin (15), rutin (16), quercetin-3,4′-di-O-glucoside (26), kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside (28), ellagic acid (35), coumaric acid (37), eriodictyol (39), methy-O-ellagic acid (42), protocatechuic acid (44), quercetin (45), luteolin (46), kaempferol (48) betulinic acid (50) and oleanolic acid (51) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA) (Fig. 1). LC–MS grade solvents (acetonitrile methanol and formic acid) were also purchased from Sigma–Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA) and used throughout the study. Ultra-pure water was produced by Milli-Q Advantage system (Millipore, Milford, MA, USA). AR grade ethanol (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany) was used in the preparation of the ethanolic extracts.

Chemical structures of standard compounds.

Fig. 1.
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2

Analytical Standards for PFASs

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Analytical standards of 9 isotope-labeled
PFASs and 18 native PFASs,
including C4–C14 perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs), C4–C12
perfluorosulfonic acids (PFSAs), fluorotelomer sulfonic acids (FTSAs),
and polyfluoroalkyl phosphoric acid diesters (diPAPs) (see full list
in Table S3) were obtained from Wellington
Laboratories (Guelph, ON, Canada). Ultrapure water was prepared using
a Milli-Q Advantage system (Millipore, Billerica, USA). Glacial acetic
acid (100%) was obtained from Merck (Darmstad, Germany), ammonium
acetate from Fluka (Buchs, Switzerland), and ammonium hydroxide and
hydrochloric acid from J.T. Baker (Phillipsburg, NJ, United States).
Methanol was purchased from Fisher Scientific (Leicestershire, UK)
and sodium hydroxide from VWR International (Radnor, PA, USA). Activated
carbon discs (47 mm × 2 mm) were supplied by Futamura Chemical
Co., Ltd. (Nagoya, Aichi, Japan), GF/A filters (47 mm diameter, 1.6
μm pore size) by VWR International (Radnor, PA, USA), and Sartolon
polyamide filters (47 mm diameter, pore size 0.45 μm) from Sartorius
(Göttingen, Germany). Polyurethane foam filters (47 mm diameter,
50 mm height) were obtained from Sunde Skumplast AS (Gan, Norway).
Weak anion exchange solid-phase extraction (WAX-SPE) cartridges (Oasis
WAX, 6 cc, 150 mg sorbent, 30 μm particle size) were purchased
from Waters Corp. (Milford, MA, USA).
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3

Synthesis and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles

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A silver nitrate standard solution (AgNO3, 0.1 M) was purchased from Anpel Laboratory Technologies Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Sodium citrate dihydrate (C6H5Na3O7·2H2O, 99.0%), sodium borohydride (NaBH4, 98%), R6G (C28H31N2O3Cl, 98%), ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate (H24Mo7N6O24·4H2O, 99.9%), sodium phosphate dodecahydrate (Pi: Na3PO4·12H2O, 99.9%), and sodium chloride (NaCl, 99.9%) were purchased from Shanghai Aladdin Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Sulfuric acid (H2SO4, 98%) was obtained from Shanghai Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). All reagents were of analytical grade and were used without further purification. All aqueous solutions were prepared using deionized water with a specific resistance of 18.2 MΩ·cm, as obtained from a Milli-Q Advantage system (Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA).
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4

Quantification of miRNA Expression

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Milli-Q Advantage system was purchased from Millipore (Martillac, France). CO2 incubator was obtained from Thermo (Waltham, MA). FBS was bought from Gibco (Grand Island, NY). RPMI-1640 medium was purchased from Hyclone (Logan, UT). Lipofectamine2000 transfection reagents and TRIzol were purchased from Invitrogen (Grand Island, NY). RNA extraction kit and SYBR Green PCR kit were purchased from Tiangen Biotech co., Ltd. (Beijing, China), and MiR-200a and negative control (NC) sequences were synthesized by Ambion (Grand Island, NY). The Boyden chamber was purchase from Kylin-Bell Lab Instruments Co., Ltd. (Haimen, China).
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5

Standards of 18 Native PFASs

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Standards of 18 native PFASs,
including C4–C14 perfluorocarboxylic
acids (PFCAs), C4–C12 perfluorosulfonic acids (PFSAs), fluorotelomer
sulfonic acids (FTSAs), and polyfluoroalkyl phosphoric acid diesters
(diPAPs) as well as 9 isotope-labeled PFASs (see full list in Table S2) were obtained from Wellington Laboratories
(Guelph, ON, Canada). Methanol was obtained from Fisher Scientific
(Leicestershire, U.K.), ammonium acetate from Fluka (Buchs, Switzerland),
acetic acid from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany), ammonium hydroxide and
hydrochloric acid from J.T. Baker (Phillipsburg, NJ), and sodium hydroxide
from VWR International (Radnor, PA). Ultrapure water was prepared
using a Milli-Q Advantage system (Millipore, Billerica). Weak anion
exchange solid-phase extraction (WAX-SPE) cartridges (Oasis WAX, 6
cc, 150 mg sorbent, 30 mm particle size) were purchased from Waters
Corp. (Milford, MA). Activated carbon disks (47 mm × 2 mm) were
supplied by Futamura Chemical Co., Ltd. (Nagoya, Aichi, Japan) and
GF/A filters (47 mm diameter, pore size 1.6 μm) from VWR International
(Radnor, PA).
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6

Environmental Behavior of Functionalized CNTs

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All reagents were analytical grade. NaOH and HCl were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd., (Shanghai, China). Multiwall CNTs (MWNTs) and hydroxylated MWNTs (HMWNTs) were purchased from Chengdu Organic Chemistry Co., Ltd., Chinese Academy of Sciences. MWNTs and HMWNTs with outer tube diameters of 4–6 nm (named MWNT-1 and HMWNT-1), 5–15 nm (named MWNT-2 and HMWNT-2) and 20–30 nm (named MWNT-3 and HMWNT-3) were used to study the impact of diameters on their environmental behaviors. Humic acid (HA) was purchased from the International Humic Substances Society (IHSS). The chemical compositions, functional groups and results of the NMR analysis of HA (Elliott Soil, 1S102H) are presented in Table 1 [27 ]. Deionized water (DI water) was supplied by an ultra-pure water system (Milli-Q Advantage System, Millipore, Boston, MA, USA). The water resistance value was ≥18.3 MΩ·cm, and the conductivity was ≤10 us·cm−1.
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7

Transferrin Labeling and Characterization

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Sucrose (BioXtra, ≥99.5%), ammonium acetate (anhydrous, for molecular biology, ≥99%), ammonium hydroxide, titanium(IV) isopropoxide (99.999% trace metals basis), nitric acid (≥99.999% trace metals basis), and transferrin (human, powder, BioReagent) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Saint Louis, MO, USA). Fluorescent transferrin (Tf680, Alexa Fluor 680 Conjugate) was purchased from ThermoFisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA). The electron microscopy stain Nano-W was purchased from Nanoprobes Inc. (Upton, NY, USA). Ultrapure water (Milli-Q Advantage System, Millipore, USA) was used in all solutions and suspensions and had a resistivity of 18.3 MΩ-cm prior to the addition of chemicals and precursors.
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8

HPLC-MS Analysis of Indole Alkaloids

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LC–MS grade solvents were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Ultra-pure water was produced by Milli-Q Advantage system (Millipore, USA). AR grade ethanol, purchased from Merck Millipore (Darmstadt, Germany), was used in the preparation of ethanolic extracts. Reserpine, ajmalicine, ajmaline and serpentine were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA) and yohimbine was purchased from Chem. Faces (Wuhan, Hubei, China).
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9

Quantitative Analysis of Pharmaceutical Impurities

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All of the reference pharmaceutical standards were classified as analytical grade (>98 %). 2H6-amitriptyline, 2H10-carbamazepine, 13C315N-ciprofloxacin, 13C2-ethinyl estradiol, 2H5-fluoxetine, 13C6-sulfamethoxazole, 13C2H3-tramadol, and 13C3-trimethoprim were obtained from Cambridge Isotope Laboratories (USA). 2H5-oxazepam, 2H4-risperidone, and 13C215N-tamoxifen were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Germany). 2H6-codeine, 2H4-diclofenac, 2H4-flecainide, 2H3-ketoprofen, 13C32H3-naproxen, and 2H3-paracetamol were purchased from CDN-Isotopes (Canada).
LC/MS grade methanol and acetonitrile (LiChrosolv–hypergrade) were purchased from Merck (Germany). Purified water was prepared using a Milli-Q Advantage system, including an ultraviolet radiation source (Millipore, USA).
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10

Luminol Chemiluminescence Assay Protocol

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(5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione) was purchased from TCI (Tokyo, Japan). A luminol stock solution was prepared at a concentration of 20 mM by dissolving luminol (0.355 g) in sodium carbonate buffer (100 mL, 0.5 M, pH 10.0). The luminol stock solution was stored at 4°C in the dark. All chemicals used in this study were of analytical reagent grade or higher, and were used without further purification. The ultrapure water used in this study was obtained using an Elix 5 UV water purification system (Millipore, Tokyo, Japan) followed by a Milli-Q Advantage system (Millipore, Tokyo, Japan).
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