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11 protocols using ascensia elite xl blood glucose meter

1

Measuring Metabolic Parameters in Rodents

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Body weight was measured weekly. Blood glucose and serum lipid profiles were measured at 12 weeks after feeding according to our published method [16 (link)]. In brief, the animals were anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium (60 mg/kg, i.p.) (JW Pharmaceutical, Seoul, Korea). Blood sample was collected from each animal by orbital puncture, and blood glucose level was analyzed by using a blood glucose monitor (Ascensia Elite XL Blood Glucose Meter, Bayer, Toronto, ON, Canada). In addition, serum was separated from the blood by centrifugation at 13,000 g for 25 min at 4 °C (centrifuge 5424R, Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany) and stored at −80 °C until analysis. Total cholesterol and triglyceride level in the serum was measured enzymatically by using a dry chemistry analyzer (FUJI DRI-CHEM NX500; Fujifilm, Japan).
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2

Metabolic Assessment in Rodent Model

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Fasting blood glucose and plasma insulin levels were measured after weeks 9, 14 and 23 in fasted animals. Blood glucose concentration was measured by the enzyme electrode method, using an Ascensia ELITE XL blood glucose meter (Bayer Consumer Care; Basel, Switzerland). Plasma insulin levels were measured using the rat/mouse insulin ELISA kit from Millipore Corporation (Billerica, MA, USA). The HOMA (Homeostatic Assessment Model) index was calculated as fasting insulin (µU/mL) × fasting glucose (mmol/L)/22.523 (link). Insulin units (IU) were calculated using the conversion 1 IU = 0.0347 mg insulin.
The oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed at week 20 on fasted animals. A solution of glucose (1 g/kg body weight) was administered by oral gavage, and blood glucose concentration was measured 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 min after glucose intake by the enzyme electrode method.
Plasma leptin levels were measured using MILLIPLEX xMAP multiplex technology on a Luminex xMAP instrument (Millipore, Austin, TX, USA) at week 23. MILLIPLEX Analyst 5.1 (VigeneTech; Carlisle, PA, USA) software was used for data analysis.
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3

Metabolic Parameters in Diet-Induced Obesity

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As we described previously [30 (link)], at 12 weeks after feeding ND, HFD, or HFD/RAPA, the animals (n = 14/group) were anesthetized with 60 mg/kg Zoletil 50® (Virbac, Carros, France, i.p.). A blood sample was collected from each animal by orbital puncture, and the blood glucose level was analyzed by using a blood glucose monitor (Ascensia Elite XL Blood Glucose Meter, Bayer, Toronto, ON, Canada). Serum was separated from the blood by centrifugation at 12,000 g for 20 min at 4 °C (centrifuge 5424R; Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany), and the serum was stored at –80 °C until analysis. Total cholesterol and the triglyceride level in serum was measured enzymatically using a dry chemistry analyzer (FUJI DRI-CHEM NX500; Fujifilm, Tokyo, Japan). In addition, serum leptin level was determined by radioimmunoassay with a multi-species kit (XL-85K; Linco Research, St Charles, MO, USA). The lowest level of leptin to be able to be detected by this assay was 1.0 ng/mL, when we used a 100-mL sample size (instructions for multi-species leptin radioimmunoassay kit). Finally, the epididymal fat depot was carefully removed, rinsed with saline, and then weighed.
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4

Blood Glucose and Lipid Profiling

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On day 28 after feeding ND or HFD, blood samples were collected from each animal by orbital puncture, and blood glucose levels were analyzed using a blood glucose monitor (Ascensia Elite XL Blood Glucose Meter, Bayer, Toronto, ON, Canada). In addition, serum was separated from the blood by centrifugation and kept at -80℃ until analyzed. Triglyceride and total cholesterol in the serum was measured using an enzymatic method with commercial kits (Asan Pharmaceutical Co., Seoul, Korea).
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5

High-Fat Diet Impacts on Gerbils

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All the gerbils were allowed free access to ND and HFD for 12 weeks. Rodent diet consisted of different fat concentrations as follows: ND (D12450B, 10% kcal % fat, 20% kcal % protein, 70% kcal % carbohydrate, Research Diets, NJ, USA) or HFD (D12492, 60% kcal % fat, 20% kcal % protein, 20% kcal % carbohydrate, Research Diets).
Body weight, blood glucose and serum lipid were measured at 12 weeks after ND or HFD according to our previously published method [30 ]. Briefly, the gerbils were deeply anesthetized by intraperitoneal injection of pentobarbital sodium (60 mg/kg) (JW Pharmaceutical, Seoul, Korea). Blood glucose level was analyzed through a blood glucose monitor (Ascensia Elite XL Blood Glucose Meter, Bayer, Toronto, ON, Canada) after collecting blood samples from each animal by orbital puncture. For measurement of total cholesterol and triglyceride level in the serum, serum was separated from the blood after centrifugation at 13,000 g for 30 min at 4 °C (centrifuge 5424R, Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany), and analyzed using a dry chemistry analyzer (FUJI DRI-CHEM NX500; Fujifilm, Japan).
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6

Comprehensive Metabolic and Vascular Profiling

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Physical measurements. Body weight was monitored weekly throughout the experiment. Abdominal fat was collected post-mortem, weighed and expressed as a percentage of body weight.
Determination of plasma lipid profile. Plasma total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C), HDL-cholesterol and TAG, as well as ApoA1 and ApoB100 concentrations were determined by spectrophotometric methods using the corresponding kits from Cusabio Biotech Co. Plasma oxidised LDL (LDL-ox) was determined using an ELISA kit (Cusabio Biotech Co.) by measuring absorbance at 450 nm with a PowerWave XS2 spectrophotometer (Biotek Instruments, Inc.).
Determination of glycaemia. Blood glucose levels were determined by the enzyme electrode method using an Ascensia ELITE XL blood glucose meter (Bayer Consumer Care). Plasma insulin level was determined using an ELISA kit (Millipore). Blood glycated Hb level was measured using a spectrophotometric kit (Spinreact).
Markers of endothelial function, inflammation and thrombotic activity. The corresponding ELISA kits from Cusabio Biotech Co. were used to measure the following parameters in plasma: vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and intercellular adhesion molecule-1, as markers of endothelial function; C-reactive protein (CRP, detection range 0•16-10 ng/ml), as an inflammation marker; plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, as a marker of thrombotic activity.
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7

Oral Glucose Tolerance Test in Animals

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An oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed at week 18 on fasted animals. A solution of glucose (1 g/kg body weight) was administered by oral gavage before the test, and blood glucose concentration was measured 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 min after the glucose intake. Blood glucose concentration was measured by the enzyme electrode method, using an Ascensia ELITE XL blood glucose meter (Bayer Consumer Care, Basel, Switzerland).
Fasting blood glucose and plasma insulin levels were also measured after week 21, in fasted animals. Plasma insulin levels were measured using the rat/mouse insulin enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit from Millipore Corporation (Billerica, MA, USA).
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8

Glucose and Insulin Measurement in Rats

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Glucose levels were measured by spotting blood on glucose strips and reading them by an enzyme electrode method using the Ascensia ELITE XL blood glucose meter (Bayer Consumer Care AG, Basel, Switzerland). Plasma insulin concentrations were measured using a Rat/Mouse Insulin ELISA kit according to the manufacturer’s instructions (Millipore Corporation, Billerica, MA, USA). These parameters have been described in the same rat cohort in previous works (23 (link), 24 (link)).
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9

Blood Glucose and Histological Analysis in Rodents

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Animals in the SED-ZLC, EX-ZLC, SED-ZDF, and EX-ZDF groups (n = four per group) were anesthetized with 30 mg/kg Zoletil 50 (Virbac, France) and blood samples were taken by cardiac puncture (at 9~11 a.m.) using a 22 G needle (Sigma-Aldrich, USA). Fasting glucose levels were measured using a blood glucose monitor (Ascensia Elite XL Blood Glucose Meter; Bayer, Germany). For histological analysis, the animals were perfused transcardially with 0.1 M phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, pH 7.4) followed by 4% paraformaldehyde in 0.1 M phosphate buffer (PB, pH 7.4) [37 (link)]. Brains were removed and post-fixed in the same fixative for 6 h at room temperature [37 (link)]. The brain tissues were cryoprotected by incubation overnight with 30% sucrose. Next, the brains were cut into serial sections (30 µm) in the coronal plane using a cryostat (CM 1510; Leica Biosystems, Germany). The sections were collected in six-well plates (SPL Life Sciences, Korea) containing PBS for further processing.
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10

Comprehensive Lipid and Glucose Profiling

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Triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL- and HDL-cholesterol were measured in plasma by enzymatic/colorimetric methods (SpinReact Kits, Girona, Spain) as described by Bucolo et al. The intensity of the color formed was proportional to the compound concentration [41 (link)].
Glycemic status was analyzed measuring fasting blood glucose and plasma insulin levels. Blood glucose concentration was measured by the enzyme electrode method, using an Ascensia ELITE XL blood glucose meter (Bayer Consumer Care, Basel, Switzerland); plasma insulin levels were measured using Milliplex xMAP multiplex technology on a Luminex xMAP instrument (Millipore, Austin, TX, USA).
Serum ALT and AST levels were measured on fasting morning plasma samples using the kinetic UV method (Liquid-Stat Reagent Kit Beckman Coulter, Nyon, Switzerland)
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