Erythromycin

Human clinical MCR-1 producing isolates K. pneumoniae ZJ02, K. pneumoniae ZJ05 and E. coli ZJ40 were collected in our previous study (Wang et al., 2017 (link)). And the mcr-1 gene was chromosomally located in E. coli ZJ40. K. pneumoniae E8.31, K.pneumoniae 13b5 and K.pneumoniae L18 were collected from food animals. We also used E. coli strain DH5α (pUC19-mcr-1) (Zhou et al., 2018 (link)), which carries a mcr-1 gene originating from K. pneumoniae ZJ05. Polymyxin-resistant mcr-1-negative K. pneumoniae isolate 16ZJJ9-19BC was obtained from a chicken cloacae sample collected in Zhejiang, China. E. coli ATCC25922, K. pneumoniae ATCC700603 and K. pneumoniae K7 were used as quality control strains. Pterostilbene (≥97% HPLC-pure) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Colistin sulfate, polymyxin B sulfate, penicillin, imipenem, gentamicin sulfate, and chloramphenicol were purchased from the National Institute for the Control of Pharmaceutical and Biological Products (Beijing, China). Cephalothin sodium, streptomycin sulfate, kanamycin sulfate, erythromycin, and acheomycin were purchased from Dalian Meilun Biotechnology Co. (Dalian, China). Stock solutions of Pterostilbene were prepared in dimethyl sulfoxide (Sigma-Aldrich).

ZG180, (R)- and (S)-ZG197 were synthesized in lab and fully characterized. ONC212 and ADEP 4 were purchased from Topscience and ChemPartner (Shanghai, China), respectively. Antibiotics of vancomycin, spectinomycin, erythromycin, ciprofloxacin, rifampicin, tetracycline, norfloxacin, clindamycin, and gentamicin, were purchased from Dalian Meilun Biotech. Oxacillin was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Anhydrous tetracycline (ATC) was purchased from APExBIO.

The antimicrobials utilized in this work were cefazolin, gentamicin, erythromycin, tigecycline, rifampicin, daptomycin (purchased from Dalian Meilun Biotech, Dalin, China), ciprofloxacin, clindamycin, vancomycin (from the National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China), linezolid (Selleck Chemicals, Houston, TX, United States), and trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole (Sigma–Aldrich, St Louis, MO, United States).

COP (purity >98%) was purchased from Shanghai Yuan Ye Biotechnology Co., Ltd (Shanghai, China). Dextra sulfate sodium was obtained from MP Biomedical (Irvine, CA, USA). Cefadroxil (purity >99%), terramycin (purity >98%) and erythromycin (purity >99%) were purchased from Dalian Meilun Biotechnology Co., Ltd (Dalian, China). Mesalazine (MSZ) was obtained from Losan Pharma GmbH, Germany. ELISA kits (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, IL-18, IL-1β, TGF-β, and IFN-γ) were obtained from Shanghai Enzyme-linked Biotechnology Co., Ltd (Shanghai, China). BCA kit and myeloperoxidase (MPO) assay kit were obtained from the Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute of Nanjing (Nanjing, Jiangsu, China). Primary antibodies against p65, IκBα, p-IκBα, NLRP3, ASC, Capase-1, Caspase-1 p10, GAPDH and Histone H3 were purchased from Affinity Biosciences (OH, USA). All other reagents and chemicals were at least of analytical grade.