Petroleum ether

The roots of AFHM were purchased from Gansu Fuxinghou Biomedical Technology Co., Ltd. The specimen of AFHM (20200311) was kept in the Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of the Ministry of Agriculture, CAAS Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical. The Melophagus ovinus were collected from sheep farms in Huangyuan County, Qinghai Province. Anhydrous ethanol was purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd.; petroleum ether and chloroform were purchased from Tianjin Damao Chemical Reagent Factory; ammonia water was brought from Yantai Shuangshuang Chemical Co., Ltd. Methanol, acetonitrile, and isopropanol used in experiments were chromatographic grade and obtained from Fisher Chemical. The standard aconitine (production batch number: DST200330-006) and 3-deoxyaconitrile (production batch number: DST200810-033) were purchased from Lemeitian Pharmaceutical/Desit Biological. Phosphate buffered saline (PBS), BCA protein concentration determination kit, catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), carboxylesterase (CarE), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), monoamine oxidase (MAO), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and Ca²⁺-Mg²⁺-ATPase detection kits were purchased from Solarbio Science & Technology Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China).

Quinoa was purchased from Shanxi Jiaqi Quinoa Development Co., Ltd. (Taiyuan, China). Ethanol, sulfuric acid, and trichloromethane were purchased from Guangzhou Chemical Reagent Factory (Guangzhou, China). Petroleum ether and phenol were purchased from Tianjin Damao Chemical Reagent Factory (Tianjin, China). Normal butanol was purchased from Tianjin Yongda Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Tianjin, China). Monosaccharide standards, including rhamnose, xylose, glucose, etc., were chromatographically pure and purchased from Shanghai Yuanye Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). KCZ, penicillin, and TCS was purchased from Guangdong Jianyang Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Guangzhou, China).

Jatropha curcas seeds were supplied by Lv You Seed of Shuyang Co. Ltd, China. Titanium tetrachloride (TiCl₄) and methyl heptadecanoate were purchased from Aladdin Chemistry Co. Ltd, China. Fatty acid methyl ester standards were purchased from Nu-Chek-Prep, Inc., USA. Ammonia solution (28 wt% in H₂O) was purchased from Chinasun Specialty Products Co. Ltd, China. Sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) and hexane were purchased from Tianjin Yongda Chemical Reagent Co. Ltd, China. Methanol and petroleum ether were purchased from Tianjin Damao Chemical Reagent Factory, China.