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6 protocols using ab140039

1

Immunostaining of Brain Sections

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Immunostaining was performed as previously described.34 (link) Briefly, paraffin sections (4 μm) of the brain were blocked with a solution containing 5% bovine serum albumin (BSA) and 0.3%Triton-X at room temperature for 1 h. After blocking, the sections were incubated with the corresponding primary antibody at 4°C overnight according to the experimental purpose. The following primary antibodies were used: Dectin-1 (1:100, ab140039, Abcam), Iba-1 (1:300, GTX632426, GnenTex), GFAP (1:300, G3893, Sigma), NeuN (1:100, 66836-1-Ig, Proteintech), and SYK (1:50, sc-1240, Santa Cruz Biotechnology). Sections were rewarmed at room temperature for 30 min, then washed with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) three times, and incubated with secondary antibody at 37°C for 1 h. Then, sections were washed with PBS three times, stained with DAPI for 15 min, and then washed with PBS. Finally, the brain sections were imaged using a fluorescence microscope (Nikon, Japan). The field of interest is the striatum around the hematoma. Three images were taken of each animal at a camera setting of 1206×1208 pixels.
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2

Evaluation of Gut Inflammation Markers

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100 µg of protein from colon tissue lysates was resolved using SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and electro-transferred to polyvinylidene difluoride membranes by transfer. Blots were blocked with 5%BSA for 1 h and then incubated with primary antibodies β-actin (Anti-ACTB rabbit polyclonal antibody, D110001, Sangon Biotech), NF-κB (Recombinant Anti-NF-kB p65 Antibody[E379], ab32536, abcam), p-NF-κB (Anti-NF-kB p65 (phospho S536) Antibody, ab86299, abcam),Dectin-1(Anti-Dectin-1 antibody, ab140039, abcam), TLR4 (Toll-like Receptor 4 (D8L5W) Rabbit mAb (Mouse Specific), 14,358 S, CST), Occludin (Recombinant Anti-Occludin Antibody[EPR20992], ab216327, abcam) and TLR9 (Anti-TLR9 antibody [26C593.2], ab134368, abcam) at 4 °C overnight .Excess antibodies were removed by washing and then Membrane was incubated with antibodies Rabbit Anti-Goat IgG H&L (HRP,Abcam) and Goat Anti-Mouse IgG H&L (HRP polymer,Abcam) for 1 h at room temperature.Blots were detected by ChemiScope mini.
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3

Perihematomal Protein Analysis by Western Blot

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The Western blot was conducted as previously described.7 (link) Briefly, protein samples were obtained from the perihematomal area and BV2 cells using RIPA lysis buffer. Then, protein lysate was centrifuged for 20 min at 12,000 g at 4°C. After centrifuging, the supernatant protein solution was collected. After loading an equal amount of protein onto the gel, the electrophoresis procedure was initiated. The proteins were then transferred to PVDF membranes and blocked with a solution containing 5% bovine serum albumin (BSA) for 1 h at room temperature. After blocking, membranes were incubated with primary antibodies at 4°C overnight. The following primary antibodies were used: Dectin-1 (1:1000; ab140039, Abcam), NLRP3 (1:1000; ab263899, Abcam), ASC (1:2000; sc-33958, Santa Cruz Biotechnology), phospho-SYK (1:1000; AF3315, Affinity Biosciences), IL-18 (1:1000; 60070-1-Ig, Proteintech), GSDMD-N (1:1000; AF4012, Affinity Biosciences), caspase-1 (1:1000; 22915-1-AP, Proteintech), β-actin (1:1000; AF5003, Beyotime Biotechnology), and IL-1β (1:1000; 26048-1-AP, Proteintech). After washing three times with TBST, the membranes were incubated with secondary antibody at room temperature for 1 h and then washed a further three times. Finally, a Bio-Rad Molecular Imager was used to detect protein signals, which were quantified by Image J.
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4

Quantitative Immunohistochemical Analysis of Dectin-1 Expression

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Immunohistochemical staining was performed on tissue microarray (two cores for one tumor block) with appropriate antibodies (Anti-Dectin-1 antibody, ab140039, Abcam, diluted 1/100) and visualization reagent (Dako EnVision Detection System) as previously described24 (link). The specificity of antibody was confirmed by western blot using RCC cell lines. IHC procedures without applying the primary antibody were conducted as negative control. Olympus CDD camera, Nikon eclipse Ti-s microscope (×200 magnification) and NIS-Elements F3.2 software were used to record the staining results and three independent shots with strongest staining were selected for each tumor core. The integrated optical densities (IOD) scores for each scan were calculated by Image-Pro Plus version 6.0 software (Media Cybernetics Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA) and the pooled IOD mean of the six spots in two tumor cores was regarded as the final staining intensity for each block. One urologic pathologist unaware of the patients’ clinical features and outcomes evaluated these slides. The IOD score cut-point for determining tumoral dectin-1 high/low expression was evaluated by X-tile software through minimum p value method25 (link).
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5

Immunostaining of NFAT1, TLR4, and Dectin-1

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Cells were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde solution (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, Texas, USA) and permeabilized with 0.2% Triton X-100 in PBS (AppliChem, Darmstadt, Germany). Then, the samples were blocked with 2.5% BSA in PBS. The following primary antibodies were used overnight at 4°C:

NFAT1 4389s (Cell Signaling Technologies)

TLR4 monoclonal antibody 76B357.1 (Thermo Fisher Scientific)

Anti-dectin-1 antibody ab140039 (Abcam)

The samples were then incubated with the appropriate fluorophore-conjugated secondary antibody for 45 min at RT in the dark. F-actin was labeled with Alexa-Fluor-546- or 647-conjugated phalloidin for 30 min at RT in dark. The nuclei were then counterstained with 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI). Images were acquired using a Zeiss LSM 780 confocal microscope.
NFAT1 nuclear intensity was determined using the Intensity Ratio Nuclei Cytoplasm Tool plugin of ImageJ (NIH, USA).
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6

Immunofluorescence Staining of BAL Cells

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Cytospin slides of BAL cells were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde–PBS. Following permeabilization (manufacturers’ instructions), cells were blocked with 10% goat serum–PBS. Slides were then stained with the corresponding primary antibody. Antibodies used were anti-CD206 at 1:100 (ab64693 Abcam, Cambridge, MA, USA), anti-Dectin-1 at 1:300 (ab140039 Abcam, Cambridge, MA, USA), anti-RAGE at 1:100 (ab37647 Abcam, Cambridge, MA, USA), anti-MMP14 at 1:1000 (ab78738 Abcam, Cambridge, MA, USA), and conjugated anti-CD206 488 at 1:200 (MCA2235A488T, Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, CA, USA). Secondary antibodies were then added at 1:1000, using either Alexa 488 (A11011 Life Technologies, Carlsbad, CA, USA) or Alexa 568 (A11008 Life Technologies, Carlsbad, CA, USA). Slides were counter-stained with DAPI mounting medium (ab104139, Abcam, Cambridge, MA, USA) to facilitate nuclear localization. Following staining, the slides were imaged on the Zeiss LSM 700 Confocal (Zeiss, Oberkochen, Germany).
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