Acetamiprid

All reagents were analytical grade or higher. Five standards of neonicotinoid insecticide including clothianidin, imidacloprid, acetamiprid, and thiamethoxam were obtained from Dr. Ehren-storfer GmbH (Augsburg, Germany), and thiacloprid were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Taufkirchen, Germany). All standard neonicotinoid insecticides were of analytical standard grade. The stock solution of each insecticide (1000 µg mL⁻¹) was prepared by dissolving an appropriate amount in methanol. Working standard solutions were prepared by diluting the stock standard solution with water. Chromatographic grade methanol and acetonitrile were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Sodium chloride (NaCl), anhydrous sodium sulphate (anh. Na₂SO₄), sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) were obtained from Ajax Finechem (Auckland, New Zealand), Sodium acetate (CH₃COONa) was obtained from Carlo Erba (Val de Reuil, France). Triton™ X-114 was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MI, USA). Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and Triton™ X-100 were provided by Merck. Cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (Calbiochem, Germany) was also used. Water used throughout the experiment was produced by RiOs^TM Type I Simplicity 185 (Millipore Waters, Burlington, MA, USA) with the resistivity of 18.2 MΩ.cm.

The anti-imidacloprid monoclonal antibody was produced in the State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing 210095, China [37 (link)]. Acetamiprid, thiacloprid, thiamethoxam, imidacloprid, dinotefuran, nitenpyram, clothianidin and 2,4-D were purchased from Dr. Ehrenstorfer (Augsburg, Germany). Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) Conjugated Streptavidin was purchased from Boster Biological Technology Co., Ltd. (Wuhan, China). (+)-biotin N-hydroxysuccinimide ester (BNHS), polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate (Tween-20), 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB), and Ovalbumin (OVA) were purchased from Sigma Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). Chemical reagents such as 3-mercaptopropionic acid (3-MPA), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), H₂O₂, and others were all purchased from Aladdin (Shanghai, China).

All reagents and standards were of at least analytical reagent grade. The neonicotinoid insecticide standards, including acetamiprid, was obtained from Dr. Ehrenstorfer GmbH (Augsburg, Germany), and thiacloprid was obtained from Fluka (Leipzig, Germany. Stock standard solutions of each neonicotinoid insecticides (1000 μg mL⁻¹) were prepared in methanol and kept at 4 °C until used. Working standard solutions were prepared by diluting the stock standard solution with water. Deionized water was used throughout the experiments and obtained using a RiOs^TM Type I Simplicity 185 (Millipore Waters, Milford, Massachusetts, USA) with a resistivity of 18.2 MΩ.cm. Methanol and acetonitrile of HPLC grade and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) were acquired from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Nickel nitrate 6-hydrate and zinc nitrate 6-hydrate were obtained from Elago Enterprlses pty (New South Wales, Australia). Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) was obtained from Ajax Finechem (New South Wales, Australia). Formic acid was provided by JT Baker (Phillipsburg, NJ, United States).