Malvern zetasizer instrument

PEG–AgNPs were examined using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), as previously reported [8 (link),45 (link)]. In brief, the AgNP suspensions were sonicated for 15 min at room temperature (RT). The PEG–AgNP suspensions were placed on a 200 mesh Formvar/Carbon-coated copper grid and allowed to dry at room temperature for an hour. Thereafter, the grids were analyzed, and several images were captured at various magnifications using a Tecnai^TM, (Casoria, Italy) G² Spirit transmission microscope (FEI Company, Hillsboro, OR, USA).
Regarding the zeta potential analysis of PEG–AgNPs, all samples were diluted to 10% by volume in absolute ethanol, vortexed for 10 min, and then measured for size and zeta potential. The Malvern Zetasizer instrument (Malvern Panalytical, Malvern, UK) and Zetasizer 7.11 software were used for measurement and data processing. All measurements were performed in triplicate and at room temperature.

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of AgNPs was performed by a method described in our previous paper [10 (link)]. Briefly, the suspensions were subjected to sonication at room temperature for 15 min prior to processing for TEM. A drop of PEG-AgNPs suspensions was deposited on a 200-mesh Formvar/Carbon coated copper grid and allowed to dry for 1 h at room temperature. Then, the grids were examined and photographed at different magnifications using Tecnai™ G² Spirit transmission microscope (FEI Company, Hillsboro, OR, USA).
Regarding zeta potential analysis, the PEG-AgNPs suspensions were diluted to 10% by volume in absolute ethanol, vortexed for 10 minutes, and then were subjected to the size distribution and zeta potential measurements using Malvern zetasizer instrument (Malvern Panalytical, UK) and Zetasizer 7.11 software for the measurement and data processing. All measurements were carried out at room temperature and were done in triplicate.

DCA, MCA, DBA were obtained from Sigma Aldrich, Inc. (St. Louis, MO) while LysoPC was purchased from Avanti Polar Lipids (Birmingham, Al). The hydrodynamic diameter was measured on a Malvern Zetasizer machine equipped with 633 nm laser. Zeta potential measurement was performed on a Malvern Zetasizer instrument, from MRL facility, UIUC. The TEM images were acquired on a JEOL 2100 Cryo TEM machine and imaged by Gatan UltraScan 2k × 2k CCD. The XRD data was collected on instrument Siemens-Bruker D5000 diffractometer and analyzed using software Jade X-ray analysis. MTT reduction assay was ended with performing absorption assay on plate reader (Synergy HT, Bio-Tek). Bright field imaging was performed on microscope DMI3000 B, Leica Microsystems, Buffalo Grove, IL.

High-resolution transmission electron microscope (HR-TEM) measurements were examined on a JEM-2100F microscope (JEOL, Japan) operated at 200 kV. The zeta potential and size were taken using a dynamic light scattering (DLS) Malvern Zetasizer instrument (Malvern, England) and a JEM-2100F microscope. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were carried out on a Nicolet Avatar-330 Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (Thermo Nicolet, USA) in transmission mode with KBr window. The surface groups of Ag₂S CDs were further verified on a VG Multilab 2000 X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS, Thermo VG, UK) operated at 120 W. UV-vis spectra were collected using a UV–2450 spectrophotometer (Shimadzu, Japan). The fluorescence spectra were recorded on a FLSP920 spectrometer (Edinburgh Instruments Ltd, UK). The pH values of the solutions were acquired by a PHS-3C pH meter (Shanghai, China).