Leibovitz 15 medium l 15 medium

The following cell lines were used in this study: BHK-21 baby hamster kidney cells (ATCC CCL-10, USA), Huh-7 human hepatoma cells (kindly provided by Dr. Priscilla Yang, Stanford University, USA), HepG2 human hepatoma cells (ATCC HB-8065), Vero E6 African green monkey kidney cells (ATCC CRL- 1586), and C6/36 Aedes albopictus larvae cells (ATCC CRL-1660, USA). BHK-21 cells were cultured in Roswell Park Memorial Institute 1640 (RPMI) medium (Sigma-Aldrich) supplemented with 10% foetal calf serum (FCS) and 2g/L of NaHCO3. Huh-7, HepG2, and Vero cells were cultured in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM) (Sigma-Aldrich) supplemented with 10% FCS and 2g/L of NaHCO3. BHK-21, Huh-7, HepG2, and Vero cells were cultured in an incubator at 37°C with 5% CO₂. C6/36 cells were cultured in Leibovitz-15 medium (L-15 medium) (Sigma-Aldrich) in an incubator at 28°C without additional CO₂.

This study utilised BHK-21 baby hamster kidney cells (ATCC® CCL-10™, USA), Huh-7 human hepatoma cells (kindly provided by Dr. Priscilla Yang, Harvard Medical School, USA), Vero African green monkey kidney cells (ATCC® CRL-1586™, USA), and C6/36 Aedes albopictus larvae cells (ATCC® CRL-1660™, USA). BHK-21 cells were cultured in Roswell Park Memorial Institute 1640 (RPMI) medium (Sigma-Aldrich) supplemented with 10% foetal calf serum (FCS). Vero and Huh-7 cells were cultured in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM) (Sigma-Aldrich) supplemented with 10% FCS. BHK-21, Vero, and Huh-7 cells were cultured in a 37 °C incubator with 5% CO₂. C6/36 cells were cultured in Leibovitz-15 medium (L-15 medium) (Sigma-Aldrich) in a 28 °C incubator without CO₂. All the RPMI medium and DMEM that were used in this study were also supplemented with 2 g/L of NaHCO₃.