Sta 409 pc calorimeter

Both the wettability tests and crucible corrosion tests were performed on samples with two different surface treatments—as-sintered and pre-oxidized. The wettability substrate was pre-oxidized at 850 °C for 24 h. The steel–MgO composite crucibles for corrosion tests were pre-oxidized at 850 and 1000 °C for 24 h.
To evaluate suitable pre-oxidation conditions, thermal analyses of 316L–40MgO were performed using a STA 409 PC calorimeter (Netzsch, Selb, Germany) and a DIL 402 C dilatometer (Netzsch, Selb, Germany) under artificial air atmosphere conditions, with a heating rate of 10 K·min⁻¹ up to 1100 °C. Moreover, to assess the oxidation kinetics, the thermogravimetric and dilatometric measurements were carried out for 24 h at constant temperatures of 850 and 1000 °C as functions of time.

The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of the intermediate phase and LVP NCs were obtained using a Bruker D8 Advance X-ray diffractometer with Cu Kα radiation. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed using a JEOL JSM-7000 field-emission scanning electron microscope. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was conducted on JEOL JEM-2100 and PHILIPS TECNAI-12 transmission electron microscopes. The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) curves of vanadium(iii) acetylacetonate were collected on a NETZSCH STA 409 PC calorimeter. The Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectra of the intermediate phase and LVP were measured using a NEXUS670 spectrometer.