Nanocomposites of PCL and CNTs were prepared by an oil-in-water emulsion solvent evaporation method. CNTs were dispersed in 1 mL of DCM to form a dispersion with a concentration of 0.5 mg mL−1. The dispersion of CNTs was sonicated for 30 s using a Hielscher UP400 s ultrasonic processor (400 watts, 24 kHz, 45% of amplitude, 1 cycle). Next, the specific amount of PCL was dissolved in DCM (total volume 1 mL) to form the organic phase. The aqueous phase was prepared by dissolution of SDS in 4 mL of distilled water. The two organic phases were transferred into 14 mL glass vials containing the aqueous phase, dropwise through a needle (21G). In the next step, the immiscible phases were homogenised for 30 s using a Hielscher UP400s ultrasonic processor (400 watts, 24 kHz, 45% of amplitude, 1 cycle) to obtain an emulsion. The nanodispersion was mixed by magnetic stirring (500 rpm, hotplate model: Stuart US152D) overnight (∼16 h) to allow evaporation of DCM.
Up400
Manufactured by Hielscher
Sourced in Germany, United States
The UP400S is an ultrasonic homogenizer designed for laboratory applications. It generates high-frequency ultrasonic waves to disrupt and disperse materials. The device operates at a frequency of 24 kHz and delivers a maximum power output of 400 watts.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Omni th, by Omni International (10 mentions)
Ultra turrax t25, by IKA Group (4 mentions)
Mini 290, by Büchi (3 mentions)
Helos, by Sympatec (2 mentions)
H14 probe, by Büchi (2 mentions)
Afm 5600ls, by Agilent Technologies (2 mentions)
Tem 2100 high resolution electron microscope, by JEOL (2 mentions)
Double antibody sandwich enzyme linked immunosorbent assay elisa kits, by Cayman Chemical (2 mentions)
Complete mini, by Roche (2 mentions)
Bicinchoninic acid assay, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Glass homogenizer, by Omni International (1 mentions)
Sonorex digiplus, by Bandelin (1 mentions)
Ls 13 320, by Beckman Coulter (1 mentions)
Leica mz liii, by Leica Microsystems (1 mentions)
T ptd 200, by Anton Paar (1 mentions)
Quant it picogreen dsdna assay, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Infinite 200 microplate reader, by Tecan (1 mentions)
Equinox 1000, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Jem 2100 high resolution, by JEOL (1 mentions)
Nanosight ns500, by Malvern Panalytical (1 mentions)
97 protocols using up400
1
Nanocomposite Preparation via Emulsion Solvent Evaporation
2
Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles
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The surface topography of silver nanoparticles was determined using a 2D and 3D Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) (AFM 5600LS, Agilent, Santa Clara, CA, USA). To begin, the samples were treated with ultrasonic waves for 15 min at a frequency of 50 kHz, with an amplitude of 44 percent and 0.45 of a cycle (UP400S manufactured by Hielscher, Teltow, Germany). Finally, a thin layer was formed using a spin coater instrument, model Laurell-650 Sz, under vacuum at 700 rpm. Contact mode, Al tap, 0.71 In/S speed, I. gain 2, and P. gain 4 were used to create AFM pictures and data profiles at 200 nm × 200 nm and its zoom 100 nm × 100 nm. The surface morphology of selenium nanoparticles was studied using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) (JEOL, Akishima, Tokyo 196-8558, Japan). The silver nanoparticles were introduced to deionized water and sonicated for 15 min using an ultrasonic pump, with a 60 kHz amplitude of 41 percent and 0.41 of a cycle (UP400S manufactured by Hielscher, Teltow, Germany). TEM experiments were carried out using a TEM-2100 high-resolution electron microscope (JEOL, Akishima, Tokyo 196-8558, Japan).
3
Optimized Propolis Solid Lipid Nanoparticles
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Solid lipid nanoparticles were prepared from ethanolic extracts using the hot homogenization method and subsequently reduced in size using an ultrasonic device (Hielscher UP400)23 (link),25 (link). The PEE was introduced in its molten state, followed by the addition of an aqueous surfactant solution (Tween-80/Tween-20) at the same temperature, and the mixing process was performed using an ultrasonic probe. The resulting Propolis nano-emulsion underwent a phase transition and transformed into solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) due to the thermal shock induced by cold water.
Preliminary experiments showed that the type and concentration of surfactant were effective factors in determining the particle size of SLNs.
To determine the optimal conditions of the system, the optimization section of the Design Expert software was utilized. Tween-20 and Tween-80 were selected as the surfactants, and the surfactant to propolis ratio was adjusted to 25–55% after conducting preliminary experiments. In the following, we also considered the smallest PSLN size produced as the desired and optimal outcome of the software.
Finally, the optimal sample was prepared again according to the optimal conditions specified by the software and evaluated for characterization.
Preliminary experiments showed that the type and concentration of surfactant were effective factors in determining the particle size of SLNs.
To determine the optimal conditions of the system, the optimization section of the Design Expert software was utilized. Tween-20 and Tween-80 were selected as the surfactants, and the surfactant to propolis ratio was adjusted to 25–55% after conducting preliminary experiments. In the following, we also considered the smallest PSLN size produced as the desired and optimal outcome of the software.
Finally, the optimal sample was prepared again according to the optimal conditions specified by the software and evaluated for characterization.
4
Preparation of Niosomal Solid Lipid Nanoparticles
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In this study, cholesterol was used as lipid, and lecithin and Tween 80 were as surfactants. To prepare NeO-SLNs, double emulsification method (w/o/w type) was employed [28 (link)]. Briefly, 1 mL of the NeO was dissolved into 10 mL aqueous mixture of methanol (75% v/v). Then, 100 mg of lecithin and 100 mg of cholesterol were dissolved in dichloromethane. The NeO solution was slowly added to the lipid mixture and homogenized for 15 min at 15000 rpm in an ultra-probe sonicator (The ultrasonic processor UP400; Hielscher, Germany) to produce white cloudy primary emulsion. The resultant primary emulsion was mixed with 4% w/v of PVA solution and homogenized for an additional 10 min at 15000 rpm. The resultant w/o/w was subjected to a rota evaporator at 45 °C to completely evaporate the organic solvent. Next, the stable emulsion was freeze dried (Emulsion was freezed at − 20 °C and were subjected to under air vacuum for ice sublimation overnight) using a freeze dryer (ZIRBUS, VaCo 5-II-D, Germany) to get dried powder of NeO-SLNs.
5
Preparation and Characterization of Dexamethasone-loaded F6H8 Particles
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Example 6
A solution of 10 mg of dexamethasone in absolute ethanol was slowly dripped into 10 ml of F6H8 under stirring and at room temperature. Subsequently, the mixture was cooled with ice and ultrasonicated for 40 seconds (Hielscher, UP400S, 100% amplitude). Next, the ethanol was evaporated under vacuum using a rotary evaporator. A fine suspension was obtained whose particle size distribution was determined by laser diffraction (HELOS, Sympatec GmbH). In result, the volume mean diameter (VMD) was 12.20±0.17 μm; the corresponding percentile diameters indicating the dimensions below which lie the diameters of 10%, 50% and 90% of the particles, were 2.52±0.03 μm (X10), 10.28±0.11 μm (X50) and 24.35±0.38 μm (X90).
6
Emulsion Polymerization of Methyl Methacrylate
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Example 4
Aqueous Phase
- 314.49 g of DI water (DI=fully deionized water)
- 19.26 g of a 15% strength aqueous solution of Disponil SDS G
Oil Phase
- 8.88 g of 1,4-butanediol diacrylate
- 288.00 g of methyl methacrylate
- 14.24 g of hexadecane
- 63.41 g of fipronil (89.7% pure, aqueous)
- 8.88 g of methacrylic acid
- 23.12 g of pentaerythritol tetraacrylate
Feed 1
- 142.10 g of a 2.00% by weight strength solution of sodium peroxodisulfate in DI water
Feed 2
- 3.79 g of a 10% by weight strength aqueous solution of tert-butyl hydroperoxide
Feed 3
- 16.83 g of a 1.4% by weight strength aqueous solution of ascorbic acid
a) The oil phase was added to the aqueous phase, and the mixture was then sonicated in a UP400S ultrasonic bath from Hielscher operated at 100% power for 10 minutes.
b) 24% of the emulsion were heated to 80° C. 6% of feed 1 were added, and the mixture was initially polymerized for 5 minutes. The remaining 76% of the emulsion were metered in over a period of 60 minutes. Feed 1 was added over a period of 160 minutes, the mixture was post-polymerized for 60 minutes, and feed 2 was then added, followed by the metered addition of feed 3 over a period of 60 minutes. The mixture was subsequently cooled to room temperature.
This gave a dispersion having a solids content of 42% by weight and a mean particle size of (D50)=180 nm (HPPS).
7
Biochemical Assay of Tumor Tissues
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On the day of biochemical assays, the tissue samples were slowly thawed at 4 °C, fragmented, weighed, and divided into two equal parts each. One of the parts was diluted in ice-cold phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, 0.02 M, pH 7.4) at a ratio of 1:10 (w/v). Tumour and non-tumour tissues were homogenized on ice with a glass tissue homogenizer (Omni TH, Omni International, Kennesaw, GA, USA), sonicated twice (1800 J/sample, 20 s × 3; UP 400S, Hielscher, Teltow, Germany), and then centrifuged (12,000× g, 20 min, 4 °C; MPW Med Instruments, Warsaw, Poland) to collect the supernatant and to be immediately assayed [9 (link)]. In order to prevent sample oxidation and proteolysis, butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT; 10 μL 0.5 M BHT in acetonitrile/1 mL PBS) and proteolysis inhibitors (Complete Mini Roche, Mannheim, Germany) were added [10 (link)].
8
Characterization of MIL-100 and INH@MIL-100 Nanoparticles
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MIL-100 and INH@MIL-100 NPs were dispersed in MilliQ water (3.2 mg·mL−1) by vortex and an ultrasound tip (Ultrasonic Processor UP400 S–Hielscher 700 W Digital Sonifer, Germany) at 10% amplitude and 30 s of time, in addition to two more pulses of 1 s using a water-ice bath. MIL-100 NPs were previously washed twice with MilliQ water to remove the ethanol, employing a Beckman CoulterTM Microfuge® 22R Centrifuge (Hyland Scientific, Stanwood, WA, USA).
The physicochemical properties of MIL-100 and INH@MIL-100 NPs were characterized. Particle size and ζ-potential were determined by Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) and Laser Doppler Anemometry (LDA) using a Zetasizer (Nano-ZS Nano-Series, Malvern Instruments, Malvern, UK) fixed at 25 °C. The physicochemical properties were analyzed in triplicates (n = 3).
The physicochemical properties of MIL-100 and INH@MIL-100 NPs were characterized. Particle size and ζ-potential were determined by Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) and Laser Doppler Anemometry (LDA) using a Zetasizer (Nano-ZS Nano-Series, Malvern Instruments, Malvern, UK) fixed at 25 °C. The physicochemical properties were analyzed in triplicates (n = 3).
9
Ultrasonic Treatment of Milk Samples
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In this research, an ultrasonic processor model UP 400S (Dr. Hielscher GmbH, Teltow, Germany) was used. The characteristics of this ultrasonic processor are opened system with an effective output power 400 W, current voltage 230 V, 48-63 Hz, ultrasonic cycle 10–100%, ultrasonic frequency 24 kHz and amplitude 12-260 μm. A 7-mm diameter titanium probe was used in the work, and it was immersed at a depth of 2 cm in each milk sample.
10
HeLa Cell Protein Extraction
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HeLa cells were grown as a monolayer in RPMI-1640 supplemented with 10 % fetal bovine serum and maintained in a humid incubator at 37C in a 5 % CO 2 environment to reach a density of 1x10 5 cells/ml. Cell pellets were frozen and stored in liquid nitrogen. Pellets of cells were thawed on ice and 800 µl SILAC Phosphoprotein lysis buffer B (Invitrogen, Oslo, Norway) was added. The cell slurry was homogenized with a pestle (20x) for mechanical breakage of the cells followed by sonication using an Ultrasonic processor (UP400s, Dr.
Hielscher). Samples were centrifuged at 16,000 g for 20 minutes at 4°C in a Heraeus Biofuge pico (Kendro, Hanau, Germany) and the supernatant was aliquoted in 40 µl aliquots.
Hielscher). Samples were centrifuged at 16,000 g for 20 minutes at 4°C in a Heraeus Biofuge pico (Kendro, Hanau, Germany) and the supernatant was aliquoted in 40 µl aliquots.
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