Iron 3 chloride hexahydrate

Standards of the determined substances: acarbose, chlorogenic acid, epicatechin, quercetin, kaempferol, and rutin, were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA).
The reagents used in the conducted studies are as follows: α-D-glucopyranoside (pNPG), α-glucosidase, acarbose, 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, TPTZ (2,4,6-tripyridyl-S-triazine) and Iron (III) chloride hexahydrate (FeCl₃x6H₂O), Folin–Ciocalteu’s phenol reagent, sodium carbonate, 2,4,6-tris(2-pyridyl)-1,3,5-triazine (TPTZ, C₁₈H₁₂N₆), iron(III) chloride hexahydrate (FeCl₃·6H₂O), Trolox, α-cyclodextrin (α-CD), β-cyclodextrin (β-CD), and γ-cyclodextrin (γ-CD) were supplied by Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA. Methanol, isopropanol, and acetone (Super Purity Solvent, Methanol 215 SPS) were supplied by ROMIL Ltd., Cambridge, England.
High-quality pure and ultra-high-quality pure water were prepared using a Direct-Q 3 UV Merck Millipore (Burlington, MA, USA) purification system.

Ciprofloxacin (CIP) and acetaminophen (ACE) were provided by Laproff laboratories (Medellín, Colombia). Acetonitrile, hydrochloric acid, Iron (III) chloride hexahydrate, Iron (II) sulfate heptahydrate, methyl orange (MO), and nutrient agar were purchased from Merk (Darmstadt, Germany). Formic acid was obtained from Carlo Erba (Barcelona, Spain). Peptone and yeast extract powders were purchased from Oxoid (Basingstoke, UK). All the culture media and broths were sterilized at 121 °C using an autoclave. All solutions were prepared using distilled water.
As the heterogeneous iron source, a natural mineral was used. This material was obtained from an iron mine in Colombia (Duitama, Boyacá). It was used without any pretreatment. The specific surface area was estimated at 19.79 m² g⁻¹ by the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) theory, and N₂ physisorption measurements on a Micromeritics 3Flex apparatus were used for the measurements. The natural mineral contained 81.3% by mass of iron (as iron oxides, mainly hematite with traces of siderite, see Figure S2b) [19 (link)].