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103 protocols using tris glycine sds buffer

1

Protein Detachment and SDS-PAGE Analysis

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To prepare the solution for SDS-PAGE, 1 × 1 cm2 of the protein adsorbed fabric was placed into a 1.5 mL microtube that contained 0.5 mL of 1x PBS. Then, the microtube containing protein-adsorbed fabric was shaken using a micro-shaker at 500 rpm. The solution was kept every 1 h to observe the detachment of the entrapped protein on the fiber surface. SDS-PAGE was used to investigate whether the sample retained the S-protein residues. A running buffer solution for SDS-PAGE was prepared by mixing 100 mL of 10x Tris/Glycine/SDS buffer (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA) with 900 mL distilled water. S-protein, a positive control, and washing solution from each fabric samples 12 μL were mixed with 4x SDS sample buffer (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany) 3 μL. The mixtures were heated at 95 °C for 5 min. All the samples were loaded on an Any kD™ Mini-PROTEAN® TGX Stain-Free™ Protein Gel (Bio-Rad). Precision Plus Protein™ Dual Color Standards (Bio-Rad) was used as a protein ladder standard. Electrophoresis was performed for 60 min using the Tris/Glycine/SDS buffer at a constant voltage of 100 V. Imaging was performed after transferring the gel to Gel Doc™ EZ Imager (Bio-Rad). Image analysis of the stain-free gel was performed using the Image Lab software (Version 6.1.0, Bio-Rad).
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2

SDS-PAGE Analysis of Protein Extracts

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For SDS–PAGE analysis, 100 µL of protein extract were precipitated by adding 400 µL of acetone for 20 min at cold conditions. The proteins were collected by centrifugation at 10,000× g for 10 min at 4 °C, and the resulting pellet was dissolved in 50 µL of Laemmli sample buffer containing 5% (v/v) 2-mercaptoethanol, according to [23 (link)]. In order to determine the molecular weight of the extracted protein products, their separation was carried out on Mini-PROTEAN® TGX™ Precast Gels (Bio-Rad). Electrophoresis was performed at constant voltage (200 V) using Tris/Glycine/SDS buffer (Bio-Rad) as running buffer. Then, gels were stained during 1.5 h with Coomassie Brilliant Blue R-250 staining solution (Bio-Rad). Finally, gels were washed with a solution composed of water/methanol/acetic acid (60%:40%:10%, v/v) overnight. The molecular mass markers Precision Plus Protein™ Standard Unstained (10–250 kDa) (Bio-Rad) were used.
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3

Protein Extraction and Western Blot

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Cells were harvested 1 and 5 h after treatment. Cells were washed with PBS, harvested into SDS sample lysis buffer (SLB; 2% SDS, 63 mM Tris–HCl, pH 6.8, and 10% glycerol), sonicated, and centrifuged. Protein concentration was determined by BCA assay (Pierce Biotechnology, Rockford, IL, USA); samples were adjusted to equal protein amount (40 μg) with SLB containing dithiothreitol (1% final conc.) and bromophenol blue (0.02% final conc.), and separated by SDS–PAGE in Tris-glycine-SDS buffer (BioRad, 1610772). Proteins were electrotransferred onto a nitrocellulose membrane (0.45 μm NC, Amersham™, GE Healthcare Life Sciences) using wet transfer in Tris-glycine buffer (BioRad, 1810704) with 10% methanol (Sigma, 59304). After blocking with 5% non-fat milk in PBS/Tween-20, proteins were detected using specific antibodies and horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated secondary antibodies. Peroxidase activity was detected by ECL detection reagents (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA).
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4

Western Blot Analysis of Shh-Signaling Proteins

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Lysates from 3T3-[Shh-BlastR;Cas9] cells were prepared in SDS sample buffer (50 mM Tris HCl pH 6.8, 8% v/v glycerol, 2% w/v SDS, 100 mM DTT, 0.1 mg/mL bromophenol blue), boiled and sonicated. Samples were loaded onto a 4–15% Criterion TGX Stainfree gel (Bio-Rad), and run for 25 min, 300V in Tris/Glycine/SDS buffer (Bio-Rad), before being transferred onto a PVDF membrane using a Transblot Turbo system (Bio-Rad). Membranes were blocked in 1:1 PBS:SeaBlock (Thermo Scientific) for 1 h at room temperature, and subsequently incubated with the indicated primary antibody for 16 h at 4 °C (Supplementary Table 10). After incubation with HRP-conjugated secondary antibody, blots were developed using Supersignal West Femto Maximum Sensitivity Substrate (Thermo Fisher) and imaged on a ChemiDoc MP (Bio-Rad). Membranes were stripped using Restore Western Blot stripping buffer (Thermo-Fisher) and re-probed as described.
For analysis of immunoprecipitations, Western blotting was performed as described above, except samples were separated in 4–12% Bis-Tris PAGE gels (Invitrogen) using MOPS running buffer, transferred to PVDF membranes using the Criterion Blotter system (Bio-Rad), developed using ECL or ECL 2 chemiluminescence detection kits (Pierce), and imaged on a Chemidoc Touch system (Bio-Rad).
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5

Western Blot Analysis of Protein Samples

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Cells were washed with PBS, harvested into SDS sample lysis buffer (SLB; 2% SDS, 63 mM Tris-HCl, pH 6.8, 10% glycerol), sonicated, and centrifuged. Protein concentration was determined by BCA (Pierce Biotechnology, IL, Rockford, USA), samples adjusted to equal protein amount (40 μg) with SLB containing DTT (1% final conc.) and bromophenol blue (0.02% final conc.) and separated by SDS–PAGE in Tris-glycine-SDS buffer (BioRad, 1610772). Proteins were electrotransferred onto a nitrocellulose membrane (0.45 μm NC, Amersham™, GE Healthcare Life Sciences) using wet transfer in Tris-glycine buffer (BioRad, 1810704) with 10% methanol (Sigma, 59304) and after blocking with 5% non-fat milk in PBS/Tween-20 were detected using specific antibodies and horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated secondary antibodies. Peroxidase activity was detected by ECL detection reagents (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA). Quantitative analysis was done by Image J 1.48v program with GAPDH as the internal control.
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6

Protein Extraction and Electrophoresis

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Cells were washed once with phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS), scraped, lysed in RIPA lysis buffer (MilliporeSigma, Billerica, MA, USA; Cat #20‐188) containing a protease inhibitor cocktail (Roche, Cat #11697498001) and lysates incubated on ice for 30 minutes. The protein concentration of samples was determined using the bicinchoninic acid (BCA) assay (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Cat #23227). Cell lysates were prepared for electrophoresis by addition of SDS sample buffer (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA; Cat #NP0007) containing 2.5% β‐mercaptoethanol and heated to 95°C for 10 minutes. Forty micrograms of protein were loaded onto 4%‐20% gradient Mini‐PROTEAN TGX gels (BioRad Laboratories, Hercules, CA, USA; Cat #456‐1093). A protein marker (Gel Company, San Francisco, CA, USA; Cat #FPL‐008) was used as a standard. Proteins were separated by electrophoresis using Tris/Glycine/SDS buffer (BioRad Laboratories, Cat #161‐0732).
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7

Protein Expression Analysis of Cell Lines

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We incubated 1.5 million TC32 and TC71 cells with drug in 10 cm2 dishes, scraped into cold PBS, washed in PBS and lysed in 4% LDS lysis buffer. Following dilution of detergent, the protein was quantitated using the bicinchoninic (BCA) colorimetric assay (Pierce, Thermo-Scientific). Thirty micrograms of total protein were resolved on a NuPage 4% to 12% Bis-Tris gradient gel (Invitrogen) in 1X NuPage MOPS SDS Running Buffer (Invitrogen), transferred to nitrocellulose using 1X Tris-Glycine-SDS Buffer (Bio-Rad) supplemented with 20% methanol at 4 °C overnight at 20 V. The membranes were subsequently blocked in 5% milk in TBS-T, and probed with Abcam (FLI1, NR0B1, and GAPDH) or Cell Signaling (EZH2 and ID2) antibodies.
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8

Adult Oyster Histamine Receptor Analysis

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Adult C. virginica of approximately 80 mm shell length were obtained from Blue Island Oyster Company, Sayville, NY, and maintained in the lab for up to two weeks in temperature regulated aquaria containing Instant Ocean® artificial sea water (ASW) at 16-18° C, specific gravity of 1.024 ± 0.001, 31.9 ppt salinity and pH of 7.8 ± 0.2. Animals that fully closed in response to tactile stimulation and required at least moderate hand pressure to being opened were used in each experiment.
NDA and histamine were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). Gemini 5μ C18 reverse phase HPLC columns were obtained from Phenomenex (Torrance, CA). NP-40 lysis buffer, Bradford reagent, Laemmli 2× loading buffer with β-mercaptoethenol (βME), Bio-Rad Mini-Protean TGX gels (10%), Bio-Rad Precision Plus Protein WesternC Standards, Tris/glycine SDS buffer and Bio-Rad Precision Protein StrepTactin-HRP conjugate were obtained from Bio-Rad.
Goat polyclonal anti-histamine H2 receptor 1° antibody (sc19773) and chicken anti-goat IgG-HRP 2° antibody (sc2953) were obtained from Santa Cruz Biotechnology. CN/DAB Substrate, Pierce Western Blot Signal Enhancer and all other reagents were obtained from Fisher Scientific.
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9

Western Blot Protein Extraction and Analysis

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Cells were washed with DPBS and lysed with Mammalian Protein Extraction Reagent (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA; catalog #: 78501) with 1X Halt's Protease and Phosphatase (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA; catalog #: 78440) by incubation for 3 min. Cell lysate was collected and stored at −80 °C until used. Samples were mixed with Laemmli sample buffer (BioRad, Hercules, CA, USA; catalog #: 1610737) at a working concentration of 1X and incubated at 97 °C for 5 min. Samples were loaded into a pre-cast MP TGX stain free gel (BioRad, Hercules, CA, USA; catalog #: 4568095) and run at 200V for 30 min in 1X Tris/Glycine/SDS buffer (BioRad). Protein was transferred to a PVDF membrane using a Trans-blot Turbo Transfer System (BioRad). The membrane was blocked for 30 min at room temperature in 1X TBST+5% Dry Milk. The membrane was incubated overnight at 4 °C with primary antibodies and for 1 h at room temperature with secondary antibodies in 1X TBST+5% Dry Milk. The membrane was washed between each antibody exposure with 1X TBST. Chemiluminescence was activated using Clarity Western ECL Substrate (BioRad) and the blot was imaged using a ChemiDoc Touch Imaging System and Image Lab software (BioRad).
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10

Western Blot Analysis of Protein Extracts

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Protein extracts in RIPA were separated by SDS-PAGE using pre-cast gels (4–20%, Bio-Rad) in Tris–Glycine-SDS buffer (Bio-Rad, Spain). Protein was transferred to nitrocellulose membranes (Bio-Rad) using the TransBlot Turbo system from Bio-Rad. Membranes were subsequently blocked for 1 h with skim milk at 5% (w/v) in PBS and then washed three times for 10 min each in PBS supplemented with 0.1% (v/v) Tween 20 (PBS-T). Membranes were then incubated with primary antibodies in PBS-T overnight. Following this, the membranes were incubated with secondary antibodies for 2 h. After the secondary antibody incubation, membranes were washed three times with PBS-T. According to the manufacturer’s protocol, the membranes were developed using SuperSignal West Pico PLUS Chemiluminescent Substrate (ThermoScientific, Spain) and imaged using a ImageQuant LAS-4000 biomolecular imager (GE Healthcare).
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