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28 protocols using nh3 h2o

1

Synthesis of Silica-based Biosensor Materials

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Ethanediamine (EDA, 99%), formaldehyde (30–40%), ethyl alcohol (99.7%), 3-aminophenol (99%), ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid disodium salt (EDTA·2Na, 99%), H2SO4 (95–98%), HCl (36–38%), NH3·H2O (25–28%), and BaCl2·2H2O (99.5%) were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent (Shanghai, China). NaOH (96%) and Na2SO4 (99%) were purchased from Shanghai Dahe Chemicals (Shanghai, China). NaH2PO4·2H2O (99%), and Na2HPO4·12H2O (99%) were purchased from Chinasun Specialty Product (Changshu, China). Tetraethoxysilane (TEOS, 99%), catalase (from bovine liver, 2000–5000 units/mg protein), 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB, 98%), and peroxidase from horseradish (HRP, ~200 units/mg) were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). All chemicals were used without further purification.
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2

Synthesis of Cerium and Nickel Nanoparticles

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Ce(NO3)3·6H2O (AR, Shanghai
Aladdin Biochemical Technology
Co., Ltd.), Ni(NO3)2·6H2O (AR,
Shanghai Aladdin Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd.), NH3·H2O (AR, Sinopharm Chemical Corp.), NaOH (AR), and
KOH (AR) were used.
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3

Synthesis of Europium-Doped Luminescent Materials

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All chemicals were of analytical grade and were used as received without further purification. H3PO4 (A.R.), HNO3 (A.R.), NH3·H2O (A.R.), La(NO3)3·6H2O (A.R.), sodium citrate dihydrate, Ce(NO3)3·6H2O (A.R.) and Eu2O3 (purity > 99.99%) were all supplied by Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Limited Corporation. The europium nitrate was prepared by dissolving Eu2O3 in 10% nitric acid, and then evaporated and dried in vacuum.
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4

UV-Curable Acrylic Resin Coatings

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Silver nitrate (AgNO3, ≥99.8%) was purchased from Shanghai Qiangshun Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Zhabei, SH, China). Ethylene glycol (EG), NaCl, NaBr, NH3·H2O and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP, molecular weight of 360,000) were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Acrylic resin (25 wt% RSH-P2015) as a BHC was obtained from Taiwan Poly Technology Co., Ltd. The main component is polymethyl-methacrylate in toluene and butanone (volume ratio of 4:1). Acrylic resin of 1.2 wt% concentration as a THC was prepared by diluting acrylic resin (25 wt% RSH-P2015) in isopropyl alcohol. The UV curing reaction was carried out in a UV curing chamber (IntelliRay 400, Shenzhen Wisbay M&E Co., Ltd., China) with a fully enclosed curing environment, all-points shielding by maximizing UV protection to minimize oxygen inhibition [22 (link)]. A four-sided applicator (FSA, SZQ5-20) was obtained from Hefei Kejing Materials Technology Co., Ltd. (Hefei, China). The FSA was a precise film scraper with four surfaces, and each surface had a coating thickness of 5, 10, 15 and 20 µm, respectively. Cleaned flexible polyethylene terephthalate (PET) films were used as substrates.
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5

Hesperidin and Staining Reagent Preparation

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Hesperidin and ammonia (28%, analytical reagent) were purchased from Sigma Chemical Co. (St Louis, MO, USA). CaCl2 (analytical reagent), NaHCO3 (analytical reagent) and NH3·H2O (analytical reagent) were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Regent Co. Ltd (Shanghai, China). Coomassie brilliant blue G-250 (CBB), Congo red (CR), Alcian blue (AB) and methylene blue (MB) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich. Triply distilled deionized water was used during all the applications.
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6

Synthesis of Metal Oxide Nanostructures

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Bi(NO3)3·5H2O(≥99.0%), NH4VO3(≥99.0%), NaCl(≥ 99.8%), NH3·H2O(~28%), HNO3(~68%), HBO3(≥99.8%), KOH(≥85.0%), Na2SO3(≥ 97.0%), Co(NO3)2·6H2O (≥98.5%), KMnO4(≥ 99.5%), SrCO3(≥99%), TiO2(≥99%), Rh2O3(≥ 99.8%), RuCl3·nH2O(≥98%), K2CrO4(≥98%), polyvinyl alcohol(≥99%), Zn(NO3)2·6H2O(≥99%), Na2WO4·2H2O(≥99.5%), HCl(36.0~38.0%), (NH4)2C2O4·H2O(≥99.8%), CuSO4·5H2O(≥99%), lactic acid, NaOH(≥96%), and TiCl4(≥98.0%) were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. ZnO (99.9%), Cu2O(99.9%), WO3 (≥99.0%) and low-melting-point liquid metal (bismuth indium tin ingot/Field’s metal, Bi: In: Sn = 32.5: 51: 16.5 wt%) is purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. All chemicals were used without further purification.
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7

Facile Synthesis of Doped Nanomaterials

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FeCl3•6H2O, NaOH, (NH4)6Mo7O24•4H2O, dicyandiamide and NH3•H2O were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. Dopamine hydrochloride was purchased from J&K Scientific Ltd. All the chemicals used were received without any purification.
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8

Synthesis of Mo-Ni-P Catalyst Precursors

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One
molybdenum precursor
was MoO3 (industrial grade) and was obtained from the Fushun
Catalyst Plant. The nickel precursor, basic nickel carbonate (NiCO3·2Ni(OH)2·4H2O); the phosphorous
precursor, H3PO4 (≥85%); another molybdenum
precursor, (NH4)6Mo7O24·4H2O; Sesbania powder; HNO3 (65–68%);
NH3·H2O (25–28%); and n-heptane were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd.
Aluminum hydrate xerogel was purchased from Shandong Alumina Plant.
All of the materials were used as they were received without further
purification. Deionized water was used in the experiments.
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9

Synthesis of PAA-Ca(Eu) Nanoclusters

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The PAA-Ca(Eu) nanoclusters were prepared by a complex method. An aqueous Ca(Eu) solution (20 mL) was prepared using CaCl2·2H2O (99.42 mg, Sinopharm, Beijing, China) and Eu(NO3)·6H2O (33.52 mg, Aladdin, Shanghai, China) with a concentration of 37.575 mM in which the Eu3+/(Ca2+ + Eu3+) molar ratio was 10%. The solution was stirred vigorously to make it fully dissolved. An aqueous solution of PAA (average molecular weight of ~1800 g/mol, 216.43 mg, 20 mL, Sigma, St. Louis, USA) was quickly added to the aqueous Ca(Eu) solution, and the pH was adjusted to 7.5–8.0 using NH3·H2O (Sinopharm, Beijing, China) to yield the PAA-Ca(Eu) nanoclusters. The temperature of all the above solutions was room temperature (25 °C).
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10

Fabrication and Characterization of Hybrid Titania-Silica Coatings

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The samples, chemical reagents and abrasive particles were needed in the experiment. The hot-grown high-purity fused quartz sheets were purchased from Lianyungang Weida Quartz Products Co., Ltd, China, whose dimensions were 10 mm × 10 mm × 5 mm. The chemical reagents included tetrabutyl titanate (C16H36O4Ti), tetraethyl orthosilicate (C8H12O8Si), sorbitol (C6H14O6) and acetic acid (C2H4O2). They were purchased from Aladdin, China. NH3·H2O, H2O2, Na2CO3, glycerin and absolute ethanol (EtOH) were acquired from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd, China. Commercial TiO2 abrasives (100 nm) and SiO2 abrasives (300 nm, 500 nm) were needed in the experiment, which were purchased from Suzhou Yuante New Material Co., Ltd, China and Suzhou Beasley New Materials Co., Ltd, China, respectively. What's more, DI·H2O was used from start to finish.
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