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10 protocols using rabbit anti total erk1 2

1

Characterization of Testisin Variants

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pDisplay-HA-testisin plasmids encoding both WT testisin and the S238A mutant were previously described [15 (link)]. pCDH-EF1-MCS-IRES-Puro was purchased from Systems Biosciences (Palo Alto, CA) and the pCMV-AR8.2 packaging plasmid and pCMV-VSVg envelope plasmid were purchased from Addgene (Cambridge, MA). Dr. Stuart Martin (University of Maryland School of Medicine) generously provided the pMSCV-Luciferase PGK-Hygro luciferase plasmid. Primary antibodies used were: rabbit anti-human influenza hemagglutinin (HA) tag (Abcam, Cambridge, MA), mouse anti-PAR-2 (SAM11, EMD Millipore, Burlington, MA), rabbit anti p-tubulin (Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA), rabbit anti phospho-ERK1/2, rabbit anti total ERK1/2 (Cell Signaling Technologies, Danvers, MA) and rabbit anti-CD31 (Abcam). Mouse anti-Testisin primary antibody D9.1 was isolated from PTA-6077 hybridoma cell line (Pro104.D9.1; ATCC, Manassas, VA). Secondary antibodies utilized were HRP-conjugated anti-mouse and anti-rabbit antibodies (Jackson ImmunoResearch Laboratories, West Grove, PA).
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2

Western Blot Analysis of SERPINB1 and ERK

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Cells were lysed in mammalian cell lysis buffer (Abcam) supplemented with 1X Halt protease and phosphatase inhibitor cocktail (ThermoFisher Scientific). Lysates or conditioned media were diluted 1:1 with 2X sample buffer containing 2-mercaptoethanol (Sigma) and denatured. Samples were processed for gel electrophoresis and blotted with mouse anti-SERPINB1 (1:2000, #TA800093, Origene), rabbit anti-GAPDH (1:2000, #2118, Cell Signaling), rabbit anti-phospho-ERK1/2 (1:1000, #9101, Cell Signaling), and rabbit anti-total-ERK1/2 (1:1000, #9102, Cell Signaling).
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3

Molecular Mechanism of JT11 on LPS-Induced NF-κB Activation

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PBMCs from blood of healthy donors were seeded into 6-well plates at a density of 1 × 106 cells/mL, pretreated with 2 μM JT11 for 1 h, in presence or not of CB2R antagonist SR144528 1 μM, and stimulated with 100 ng/mL LPS (Sigma-Aldrich) for 1 h. Subsequently, cells were harvested and lysed in RIPA lysis buffer (50 mM Tris-HCl pH 7.4, 0.5% Triton X-100, 0.25% Nadeoxycholate, 0.1% SDS, 150 mM NaCl, 1mM EDTA and 5mM MgCl2, including proteases and phosphatases inhibitors). The total protein concentration in each sample was determined by Bradford assay. Protein lysates were analyzed in Western blot as previously described using rabbit anti-phospho-ERK1/2 (Cell Signaling Technology) and rabbit anti-phospho-NF-κB-p65 (Cell Signaling Technology). Immunoreactivity was detected using the ECL Western blotting detection system. As a control for loading of preparation, membranes were stripped and reprobed with rabbit anti-total ERK1/2 (Cell Signaling Technology) or mouse anti-β-tubulin mAbs (Sigma-Aldrich). In parallel experiments membranes were stripped and reprobed with rabbit anti-NF-κB-p65 or with anti-β-actin mAb (Sigma-Aldrich). Densitometric analysis was performed on Mac OS X (Apple Computer International), using NIH Image 1.62 software. The density of each band (absolute value) in the same gel was analyzed.
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4

Immunoblotting of Phosphorylated ERK1/2

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STHdh cells were washed with PBS, harvested, and lysed using RIPA buffer (R0278; Sigma) with protease (P8340; Sigma) and phosphatase inhibitor cocktails (P2850 and P5726; Sigma). Lysates were solubilized in sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) sample buffer, separated on 10% SDS-polyacrylamide gels, and transferred to polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) membranes (Immobilon-P; EMD Millipore Corporation, Billerica, MA). Transfer membranes were blocked for 30 min at room temperature with Blocking One-P (Nakalai Tesque, Kyoto, Japan), then incubated overnight at 4°C with the primary antibodies (rabbit anti-phospho-extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 [ERK1/2] [Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA], rabbit anti-total-ERK1/2 [Cell Signaling Technology], and mouse anti-β-actin [Sigma]). Subsequently, the membranes were incubated with secondary antibodies (peroxidase-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG [Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., Franklin, MA] or peroxidase-conjugated goat anti-mouse antibody [Thermo]). The immunoreactive bands were visualized using ImmnoStar®LD (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Osaka, Japan) and the LAS-4000 Luminescent Image Analyzer (Fuji Film Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan).
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5

NE-Induced ERK1/2 Phosphorylation

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PC3 and C4-2 cells were plated at 2×105 cells per well in 6-well plates in complete media (10% FBS, 1% P-S, RPMI-1640). After 48 hours, cells were placed in serum-free, 1% P-S, RPMI-1640 for 16 hours and stimulated with indicated concentrations of NE (cat#IHNE, Innovative Research) for 15 minutes. For NE inhibitor studies, sivelestat was incubated directly with NE at indicated concentrations for 30 minutes prior to addition to the cells. Cells were lysed in RIPA (Pierce) supplemented with 1× Halt protease and phosphatase inhibitor cocktail (Thermo Scientific). Samples were processed for gel electrophoresis and Western blotted with rabbit anti-phospho-Erk1/2 (1:1000, catalog#9101, Cell Signaling) and rabbit anti-total-Erk1/2 (1:1000, catalog#9102, Cell Signaling) as previously described (35 (link)). Band densitometry was performed using ImageJ v1.48 software.
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6

Immunoblotting Protein Expression Analysis

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Proteins were separated by SDS-PAGE and immunoblotted with the following antibodies: rabbit anti-JUND (Santa Cruz, sc-74), rabbit anti-hnRNPK (Bethyl Laboratories, A300-674A), rabbit anti-DDX3X (Bethyl Laboratories, A300-474A), rabbit anti-phospho-ERK1/2 (Cell Signaling, 4377), rabbit anti-total-ERK1/2 (Cell Signaling, 4695), mouse anti-Tubulin (Sigma, T9026), and mouse anti-Ran (B.D. 610340).
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7

CB2R Signaling in Jurkat Cells

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Jurkat cells, transfected or not with CB2R siRNA, were treated with 2 μM JT11 for 10 min. Then, cells were collected and lysed in lysis buffer (as above). After SDS-PAGE and transfer onto PVDF (Bio-Rad), membranes were incubated overnight with rabbit anti-phospho-ERK1/2 Ab (Cell Signaling Technology). This reaction was followed by incubation with HRP-conjugated anti-rabbit IgG antibody (Sigma-Aldrich). Immunoreactivity was detected using the ECL Western blotting detection system. As a control for loading of preparation, membranes were stripped and reprobed with rabbit anti-total ERK1/2 (Cell Signaling Technology) or mouse anti-β-tubulin mAbs (Sigma-Aldrich). Densitometric analysis was performed by Mac OS X (Apple Computer International), using NIH Image 1.62 software. The density of each band (absolute value) in the same gel was analyzed.
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8

Western Blot Analysis of Inflammasome Signaling

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Total proteins extracts were separated by SDS-PAGE and blotted to nitrocellulose membrane (GE-Healthcare Europe, Milano, Italy). Membranes were incubated with rabbit anti-NLRP3 (Abcam, Cambridge, UK), rabbit anti-caspase-1 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, TX, USA), mouse anti-GSDMDC1 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology), rabbit anti-IL-1β (Santa Cruz Biotechnology), rabbit anti-caspase-1 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, TX, USA), mouse anti-Tyr204 ERK1/2 (Cell Signaling Technology), rabbit anti-total ERK1/2 (Cell Signaling Technology), mouse anti-Ser473 Akt (Cell Signaling Technology), rabbit anti-total Akt (Cell Signaling Technology), rabbit anti-Ser9 GSK-3β (Abcam, Cambridge, UK), anti-total GSK-3β (Cell Signaling Technology), rabbit anti-mitochondrial transcription factor A (mtTFA) (Novus Biologicals, Cambridge, UK), mouse anti-nuclear respiratory factor-1 (NRF-1) (Santa Cruz Biotechnology), and mouse anti-sarcomeric mitochondrial creatine kinase (sMtCK) (Santa Cruz Biotechnology) and then probed with proper HRP-conjugated secondary antibodies (BioRad). Clarity Western ECL substrate (BioRad) was used for protein detection and quantification was performed by densitometric analysis (Quantity-One, Bio-Rad software). Data were normalized according to the related antitubulin densitometric values.
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9

Immunofluorescence and Western Blot Analysis

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Alexa Fluor 568 goat anti-mouse, and Alexa Fluor555 goat anti-rabbit (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA); anti-HA mouse monoclonal antibody (Covance, Princeton, NJ, USA); DAPI Fluoromount-G (Southern Biotech, Birmingham, AL, USA); FBS (Hyclone), G418 and Ham’s F12 medium (Corning cellgro™), Fisher Scientific); IRDye 800-conjugated goat anti-mouse IgG, IRDye 680-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG, and blocking buffer (Li-Cor Biosciences); monoclonal anti-phosphorylated ERK 1/2 and Poly-D-Lysine (Sigma); NAGly (Focus Biomolecules); rabbit anti-total ERK1/2 (Cell Signaling). All other chemicals were obtained from standard laboratory chemical suppliers.
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10

Signaling Pathways in Cell Communication

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Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), 3-Isobutyl–1-methyl xanthine (IBMX) and H89 dihydrochloride were purchased from Sigma. Forskolin was purchased from Calbiochem. Tissue culture media and fetal bovine serum were purchased from Hyclone. Antibodies were purchased as follows: rabbit anti-connexin43 (#C6219) antibody was purchased from Sigma; rabbit anti-phospho-CREB (Ser133, #9198), total-CREB (#9197), rabbit anti-phospho-ERK1/2 (Thr202/Tyr404; #9101), rabbit anti-total-ERK1/2 (#9102) and horseradish peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibodies were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology. The mouse anti-GAPDH antibody (#MAB 374) was purchased from Millipore. All other chemicals were purchased from Sigma, unless indicated otherwise.
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