All reagents were used without further purification. Epinephrine (EPI), dopamine, hydroquinone (HQ), hexaamin ruthenium (III), tartaric acid, sodium metabisulphite, potassium chloride, sodium chloride and N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. As supporting electrolyte, 0.1 M buffer solutions were prepared from ortho-phosphoric or acetic acid in the pH range of 3.0–9.0. For the solution-based synthesis of GNRs, phenanthrene-9,10-quinone, 1,3-diphenylacetone, N-bromosuccinimide (NBS), diphenylacetylene, bis(1,5-cyclooctadiene)nickel(0) (Ni (COD)2) and iron trichloride were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich.
Iron trichloride
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States
Iron trichloride is a chemical compound with the formula FeCl3. It is a crystalline solid that is soluble in water and other polar solvents. Iron trichloride is commonly used as a raw material in various industrial processes.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Sodium hydroxide (naoh), by Merck Group (5 mentions)
Sodium chloride (nacl), by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Ethanol, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Gallic acid, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Sodium carbonate, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Hydroquinone, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Iron dichloride, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Acetonitrile, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
N hydroxysuccinimide, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Hydrochloric acid (hcl), by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Vanillin, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
2 2 diphenyl 1 picrylhydrazyl (dpph), by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Sodium metabisulphite, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Diphenylacetylene, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Epinephrine epi, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Phenanthrene 9 10 quinone, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
N bromosuccinimide, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
N methylpyrrolidone, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Potassium chloride (kcl), by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Tartaric acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
9 protocols using iron trichloride
1
Electrochemical Synthesis of Gold Nanorods
2
Nanoparticle Synthesis and Characterization
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All chemical reagents, including acetonitrile (CH3CN), ammonium formate (HCOONH4), ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH), APTES, boric acid (H3BO3), crystal violet (C25N3H30Cl), 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein (DCFH-DA), N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N′-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC), ethanol (C2H6O), ferric nitrate [Fe(NO3)3 × 9H2O], formaldehyde (CH2O), glutaraldehyde (C5H8O2), iron dichloride (FeCl2 × 4H2O), iron trichloride (FeCl3 × 6H2O), N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS), nitric acid (HNO3), osmium tetroxide (OsO4), phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), sodium cacodylate (C2H7AsO2), sodium chloride (NaCl), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), sodium 2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid hemisodium salt (MES), and teicoplanin, were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, Milan, Italy. The LIVE/DEAD BacLight fluorescence assay kit was purchased by Thermo Fisher Scientific, Monza, Italy. Epon-Araldite 812 was purchased from Electron Microscopy Sciences, Hatfield, PA, United States. All the chemical reagents were used without additional purification.
3
Phytochemical Analysis and Antioxidant Activity
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All analytical grades of dissolvent, reagents and pure phenolic compounds such as Methanol, Folin–Ciocalteu Reagent, sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), Aluminium Trichloride (AlCl3), Hydrochloric Acid (HCl), Gallic Acid (C7H6O5), Catechin (C15H14O6), Quercetin (C15H10O7), Vanillin (C8H8O3), Sodium Phosphate Monobasic (NaH2PO4), Sodium Dibasic Phosphate (Na2HPO4), Sulfuric Acid (H2SO4), Potassium persulfate (K2S2O8), Iron chloride (II) (FeCl2), Iron Trichloride (FeCl3), Ammonium acetate, Sodium hydroxide (NaOH), Potassium Hydroxide (KOH), 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picryl- hydrazyl (DPPH), β-carotene, Linoleic Acid, Tween 40, Trichlo-roacetic acid (TCA), Potassium ferricyanide (K3Fe[CN]6), Ammonium molybdate (NH4) 2MoO4, Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) type VI-S from electric eel < 1000 U/mg solid, Acetylcholine iodide (ACI), 5,50-dithiobis (2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB), Carragenean, Indometacin, Omepazole, Galanthamine, Butylated hydroxytoluene BHT (C15H24O), Butylate hydroxyanisole BHA (C11H16O2) and Ascorbic Acid (C6H8O6) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich and Fluka.
4
Synthesis and Characterization of Gold Nanoparticles
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The chemicals used in the study were of analytical grade without any further modification. GNPs (diameter: 10 nm, concentration: 6 × 1012/mL, solvent: 0.1 mM phosphate buffered saline (PBS), 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC), tetrachloroauric acid trihydrate (HAuCl4), N-Hydroxy succinimide (NHS), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), ammonium chloride (NH4Cl), 25% of ammonium solution, iron dichloride (FeCl2), iron trichloride (FeCl3), sodium citrate, hydroquinone, trisodium citrate were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. S. enteritidis (ATCC13076), S. aureus (ATCC 25923), and E. coli (ATCC 25922) were cultured. The fluorophore, 4-methylumbelliferyl caprylate (4-MUCAP) was obtained from LGC Ltd., Middlesex, UK).
5
Dried Miyeokgui Grinding and Antioxidant Analysis
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The sporophyll (Miyeokgui) of cultured Korean U. pinnatifida (Miyeok) was acquired in a dried state from HarimBio Co., Lted (Wando, Republic of Korea). The grinding process was accomplished using a specially designed grinding system [18 (link)]. Grinding was performed under a vacuum to minimize exposure to oxygen throughout the process. Before grinding, the vacuum level was established [19 (link)]. All valves were sealed off to preserve the set conditions once the absolute pressure reached 2.67 kPa and the percentage vacuum reached 97.4%. It was opened after grinding, and nitrogen gas was flushed at a rate of 5.48 L/min until the pressure in the chamber was seen on the vacuum gauge to have returned to the normal ambient pressure.
Different salts to regulate the RH levels of UPS and reagents of analytical grade in the form of anhydrous sodium sulfate, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, potassium iodine, sodium thiosulfate, Folin–Ciocalteu’s reagent, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfornic acid) (ABTS), L-AA, sodium chloride (NaCl), sodium carbonate, gallic acid, ethanol, t-butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), 2,4,6-tripyridyl-s-triazine (TPTZ), hydrochloric acid, iron trichloride, acetonitrile, n-hexane, isopropanol, fucoxanthin, and α-, β-, γ-, and δ- tocotrienols were purchased from the company Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA).
Different salts to regulate the RH levels of UPS and reagents of analytical grade in the form of anhydrous sodium sulfate, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, potassium iodine, sodium thiosulfate, Folin–Ciocalteu’s reagent, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfornic acid) (ABTS), L-AA, sodium chloride (NaCl), sodium carbonate, gallic acid, ethanol, t-butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), 2,4,6-tripyridyl-s-triazine (TPTZ), hydrochloric acid, iron trichloride, acetonitrile, n-hexane, isopropanol, fucoxanthin, and α-, β-, γ-, and δ- tocotrienols were purchased from the company Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA).
6
Multifunctional Nanoparticle Synthesis and Applications
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Cerium (III) nitrate hexahydrate (Ce (NO3)3·6H2O), glucose (Glu), curcumin, alendronate (AL), Tris (2,2-bipyridine) ruthenium chloride (Ru(ddp)), 2-methylimidazole (HMIM), IR780, IR783, IR808, Ce6, Cy3, copper nitrate trihydrate (Cu(NO3)2·3H2O), manganese dichloride (MnCl2), magnesium chloride (MgCl2), cobalt chloride (CoCl2), iron trichloride (FeCl3) and streptozotocin (STZ) were provided by Sigma–Aldrich (USA). Chlorin e6 (Ce6) was obtained from Frontier (UK). glucose oxidase (GOx) and nitrotetrazolium blue chloride (NBT) were purchased from TCI (Japan). Methyl red, 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCFH-DA), hematoxylin-eosin (H&E), Masson's trichrome, Sirius staining solution and dihydroethidium (DHE) were purchased from Beyotime Biotechnology (China). Penicillin–streptomycin solution (100X), fetal bovine serum (FBS), trypsin and Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) and RPMI-1640 medium (1640) were obtained from Gibco (USA). The Cell Counting Kit-8(CCK-8 kit) was purchased from MCE (USA). Anti-CD31 antibody, anti-α-SMA antibody and goat anti-rabbit IgG secondary antibody were purchased from Abcam (UK). High-purity (Milli-Q) water with a resistivity of 18.2 MΩ cm was obtained from an inline Millipore RiOs/Origin water purification system.
7
Antimicrobial Edible Film Formulation
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Garlic oil (purity >99%), cinnamaldehyde (>95%), and α-tocopherol (>96%), Span 60, medium molecular weight chitosan (degree of deacetylation: 75-85% and viscosity: 200-800 cps), Trolox, TPTZ (2,4,6-tripyridyl-s-triazine), chloride acid, Iron trichloride, and ethanol were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich and Labsynth (São Paulo, Brazil) . Pigskin gelatin (type A, bloom 260º and molecular weight 5.2 x 10 4 Da) was supplied by GELNEX (Itá, SC, Brazil). Acetic acid, glycerol, Tween 20, DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), potassium persulfate, ABTS •+ 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid), sodium bromide, sodium hydroxide, nutrient broth, and Mueller Hinton agar were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Dorset, England, UK). Canola oil was purchased from a local supermarket. Deionized Millipore water (Elix 5UV, essential), tetracycline, and strains of bacteria P. aeruginosa (ATCC 15692) and L. monocytogenes (ATCC 35152) were provided by the microbiology laboratory at the School of Biochemical Engineering of the University of Birmingham.
8
Phytochemical Characterization and Antioxidant Assays
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Acetic anhydride, bismuth nitrate, and sodium nitrite were obtained from Panreac® (Barcelona, Spain). Diphenylboric acid-β-ethylamino ester, fast blue B salt, gallic acid, iodine, oleanolic acid, polyethylene glycol-4000, protocatechuic acid, and vanillin were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich® (Steinheim, Germany). Ethanol was obtained from Aga® (Prior Velho, Portugal). Glacial acetic acid and sulfuric acid were obtained from Chem-Lab® (Zedelgem, Belgium). Acetone, Folin–Ciocalteu reagent, hydrochloric acid 37% extra pure, iron trichloride, perchloric acid, potassium iodate GR, sodium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, and TLC cellulose plates (catalog number 105552) were obtained from Merck® (Darmstadt, Germany). Butanol-1 and methanol were obtained from Fisher Chemicals® (Leicestershire, UK). Ferrous sulfate was obtained from May and Baker LTD® (Dagenham, UK). The (+)-Catechin (hydrate) was obtained from Cayman Chemical Company® (Ann Arbor, MI, USA). Aluminum chloride was obtained from Fluka® (Buchs, Switzerland). Acetonitrile was obtained from Honeywell Riedel-de Haën™ (Seelze, Germany). Formic acid 99–100% was obtained from VWR Chemicals (Fontenay-sous-Bois, France). All used reagents were of analytical grade.
9
Synthesis of Doped Calcium Carbonate Nanoparticles
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Under stirring at 1600 rpm with Selecta agimatic-N, 200 ml of calcium bromide (CaBr 2 from Sigma Aldrich Ref. 71626-99-8) 0.01 M solution was added dropwise into 100 ml of ammonium carbonate (NH 4 ) 2 CO 3 from Janssen Chemicals Ref. 506-87-6) 0.02 M solution. Two additional versions of the precipitation method were investigated by adding the dopants, magnesium or iron (III) cations or both these cations together with albumen as surfactant (Whole egg whites from Svenska Lantägg) into the CaBr 2 -solution. Magnesium chloride tetra hydrate (MgCl 2 (H 2 O) 4 from Merck Ref. 5833) was added in 2:1 ratio with respect to Ca and iron trichloride (FeCl 3 from Merck Ref. 231-729-4) was added 1:1 with respect to Ca. One volume percent of albumen, in respect to the final volume of 300 ml, was added to the (NH 4 ) 2 CO 3 solution. The resulting aqueous dispersions were analysed by Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis (NTA) and dried samples also by scanning transmission microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD).
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