The leaves of neem (Azadirachta indica) were washed with distilled water three times. An aqueous extract was obtained by boiling fresh neem leaves (25 g) by boiling in glass beaker (250 ml). The process was extended by boiling the neem leaves at 60 °C in double distilled water (100 ml) for 20 min. The formation of aqueous solution was confirmed by the appearance of brown color. This extract was kept at room temperature for cooling and then filtered by Whatman filter paper 1. This extract was stored in a refrigerator to pursue the subsequent experiments [17 ].
The synthesis of ZnO-NP involves the mixing of neem leaf extract (25 ml) and 1 M Zn(CH₃CO₂)₂·2H₂O (25 ml) in 1:1 ratio. The solution was maintained at pH 7.0 by adding sodium hydroxide (0.5 M) dropwise at room temperature. This step leads to precipitate formation. The precipitate obtained was filtered followed by repeated washing with water, followed by ethanol for removing the remaining impurities. The resulting material was put in an oven (60 °C) overnight for drying, grounded to fine powder. Finally, calcination was performed (400 °C) for 1 h in Muffle furnace under standard conditions. JEOL JEM-2100F transmission electron microscope was used to evaluate the size of ZnO-NPs obtained by dropping the nanoparticle solution on carbon-coated copper grids at a 15 kV voltage under normal atmospheric conditions.
The synthesis of ZnO-NP involves the mixing of neem leaf extract (25 ml) and 1 M Zn(CH₃CO₂)₂·2H₂O (25 ml) in 1:1 ratio. The solution was maintained at pH 7.0 by adding sodium hydroxide (0.5 M) dropwise at room temperature. This step leads to precipitate formation. The precipitate obtained was filtered followed by repeated washing with water, followed by ethanol for removing the remaining impurities. The resulting material was put in an oven (60 °C) overnight for drying, grounded to fine powder. Finally, calcination was performed (400 °C) for 1 h in Muffle furnace under standard conditions. JEOL JEM-2100F transmission electron microscope was used to evaluate the size of ZnO-NPs obtained by dropping the nanoparticle solution on carbon-coated copper grids at a 15 kV voltage under normal atmospheric conditions.