Tga 2950

In a typical synthesis of mesoporous Mn_0.5Ce_0.5O_x solid solution oxides, 6.16 g of cerium (IV) methoxyethoxide (18–20% in methoxyethoxide, Gesta), 0.63 g Mn(OOCCH₃)₂·6H₂O (99%, Aldrich) and 1.0 g of ionic liquid (BmimTf₂N) were dissolved in 5.0 ml of ethanol. The solution was stirred at room temperature for 2 h until Mn(OOCCH₃)₂·6H₂O was completely dissolved. Subsequently, ethanol (5.0 ml) was added slowly with stirring. The mixed solution was gelled in an open petridish at 50 °C for 24 h and aged at 200 °C for 2 h, and a solid film was obtained. The ionic liquid was extracted by refluxing the sample with ethanol in a Soxhlet extractor for 24 h. The as-made sample (Mn_0.5Ce_0.5O_x@200) was thermally treated at 500 °C for 2 h with the heating rate of 1 K min⁻¹ in air, and the final sample denoted as Mn_0.5Ce_0.5O_x@500. Other metal oxides were prepared by the same process except with different metal precursors. The materials were characterized by N₂ adsorption (TriStar, Micromeritics) at 77 K, powder XRD (Panalytical Empyrean diffractometer with Cu Ka radiation k=1.5418 A° operating at 45 kV and 40 mA), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA 2950, TA Instruments), Fourier-transform infrared spectrum (PerkinElmer Frontier FTIR spectrometer) and H₂-TPR (Auto chem II, Micromeritics).

The TGA data were obtained with a heating rate of 10 K min⁻¹ using a TA TGA-2950 apparatus.

All electrical measurements of the devices were performed under ambient conditions without any encapsulation using an HP 4145B semiconductor parameter analyzer (Hewlett Packard) equipped with an HP 8110A pulse pattern generator (Hewlett Packard). Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra were recorded using an Inova 400 MHz Fourier transform (FT)-NMR spectrometer (Varian). High-resolution mass spectra were acquired using a Micromass GCT-time-of-flight (TOF) gas chromatography/mass (GC/MS) spectrometer (Waters) with an electrospray ionization source. The film thickness was determined using a Form Talysurf Intra Profiler (Taylor Hobson). Ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) absorption spectra were measured at room temperature using a UV-3600 spectrophotometer (Shimadzu). Atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements were performed using a MFP-3DTM AFM instrument (Digital Instruments/Asylum Research). Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was conducted using a Dynamic Rate method with a TGA 2950 (TA Instruments) at a heating rate of 10 °C min⁻¹ under a nitrogen (N₂) flow rate of 50 mL min⁻¹.

TG measurements were performed in TA Instruments TGA 2950. Five to ten milligram of sample was placed on platinum pan and exposed to a continuous flow of instrument air at a flow rate of 60 ml/min (STP). Temperature programmed oxidation was carried out with a ramp rate of 10°C/min from ambient temperature to 900°C. This instrument has a known accuracy of ±1% residual mass.

Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was performed using a Hi-Res TGA 2950 (TA instrument, France) to determine the thermal stability of the prepared membranes. Experiments on about 6 mg were conducted from 25 to 800 °C at a heating rate of 10 °C/min under a nitrogen atmosphere to prevent possible thermo-oxidative degradation.