analysis was conducted
using a LightCycler 480 system (Roche, Inc., Basel, Switzerland) and
SYBR Green qPCR Master Mix (TaKaRa, Dalian, China). Absolute quantification
was performed using a standard curve. The positive recombinant VvCYP76F14-PMD
18-T plasmids mentioned above were extracted using a plasmid miniprep
kit (Tiangen, Beijing, China) according to the manufacturer’s
instructions. The concentration of the extracted plasmids was determined
using a Qubit Flex Fluorometer (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham,
USA), and copy numbers for the individual genes were calculated. To
generate a standard curve, each recombinant plasmid was diluted through
eight gradients (10° to 10–7) and used as a
template for qPCR. The primer pair used for qPCR was as follows: F:
5′-TGTTATCCAACACCATAT-3′; R: 5′-TCCCAGCTTCCTCCATCACA-3′.
The first-strand cDNA was synthesized using a PrimeScript II 1st strand
cDNA synthesis kit (TaKaRa, Dalian, China) following the manufacturer’s
instructions. All cDNA samples were diluted 10 times with RNase-free
water before being used as a template for qPCR and subsequent analyses.