Tungsten(vi ) chloride (99.9%) was purchased from Strem Chemicals. Chlorobenzene (99+%, for spectroscopy), and tungsten(vi ) oxide (99.9%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Acetonitrile (Certified ACS), dichloromethane (Certified ACS), ethanol (200 proof), benzyl alcohol (Certified ACS), and 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-furfural (98%) were purchased from Fisher Scientific. Acetonitrile-d3 was purchased from Cambridge Isotope Laboratories. Benzyl alcohol was vacuum distilled and stored on sieves under N2. All other reagents were used as received. Nylon syringe filters (25 mm, 0.2 μm membrane) were purchased from VWR or Macherey-Nagel.
Nylon syringe filter
Manufactured by Avantor
Sourced in United States
Nylon syringe filters are used to remove particulates from liquids during filtration processes. They are constructed with a nylon membrane and provide efficient filtration performance.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Dichloromethane, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Acetonitrile, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Tungsten 6 oxide, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Acetonitrile d3, by Cambridge Isotopes (1 mentions)
Chlorobenzene, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Ammonium formate, by Avantor (1 mentions)
Disodium hydrogen citrate sesquihydrate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Enna1, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Milli q plus system, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Ennb1, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Optima 8000, by PerkinElmer (1 mentions)
Potassium hydroxide pellets, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Novec 7500 engineered fluid, by 3M (1 mentions)
Fluorinert fc 40, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Optiprep density gradient medium, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Heptadecafluoro 1 1 2 2 tetrahydrodecyltrichlorosilane, by Gelest (1 mentions)
Thermo savant speed vac plus sc210a, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Waters 2707 autosampler, by Waters Corporation (1 mentions)
Waters 2998, by Waters Corporation (1 mentions)
Waters 1525 binary pump, by Waters Corporation (1 mentions)
11 protocols using nylon syringe filter
1
Synthesis of Tungsten Complexes
2
Simultaneous Mycotoxin Quantification Protocol
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
Methanol (MeOH) and acetonitrile (MeCN) of LC-MS grade, and ammonium formate were supplied by VWR International Eurolab S.L. (Barcelona, Spain). Formic acid eluent additive for LC–MS was obtained from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Magnesium sulphate (MgSO4), sodium chloride (NaCl) and sodium citrate were purchased from Panreac Química (Barcelona, Spain), while disodium hydrogen citrate sesquihydrate was supplied by Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Ultrapure water was obtained from a Milli-Q Plus system (Millipore Bedford, MA, USA).
Mycotoxin standard solutions (10 mg/L in MeCN) of OTA, STE, F-X, DON, CIT, ZEN, FB1, FB2, T-2 and HT-2 were purchased from Techno Spec (Barcelona, Spain). Individual standards (powder) of ENNA, ENNA1, ENNB, ENNB1 and BEA were obtained from Sigma Aldrich and stock solutions were prepared at 1000 mg/L in MeCN. Multi-mycotoxins intermediate working solutions in MeCN (1 mg/L of OTA and STE; 2 mg/L of CIT; 10 mg/L of FB1, FB2, T-2, HT-2 and ZEN; 100 mg/L of DON, ENNA, ENNA1, ENNB, ENNB1 and BEA and 1000 mg/L of F-X) were prepared by combining suitable aliquots of each individual standard stock solution. These solutions were stored at −20 °C.
Nylon syringe filters (13 mm, 0.22 μm, from VWR) were used for filtration of extracts prior to the injection into the chromatographic system.
Mycotoxin standard solutions (10 mg/L in MeCN) of OTA, STE, F-X, DON, CIT, ZEN, FB1, FB2, T-2 and HT-2 were purchased from Techno Spec (Barcelona, Spain). Individual standards (powder) of ENNA, ENNA1, ENNB, ENNB1 and BEA were obtained from Sigma Aldrich and stock solutions were prepared at 1000 mg/L in MeCN. Multi-mycotoxins intermediate working solutions in MeCN (1 mg/L of OTA and STE; 2 mg/L of CIT; 10 mg/L of FB1, FB2, T-2, HT-2 and ZEN; 100 mg/L of DON, ENNA, ENNA1, ENNB, ENNB1 and BEA and 1000 mg/L of F-X) were prepared by combining suitable aliquots of each individual standard stock solution. These solutions were stored at −20 °C.
Nylon syringe filters (13 mm, 0.22 μm, from VWR) were used for filtration of extracts prior to the injection into the chromatographic system.
3
REE Extraction from Bauxite Residue
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
Leaching experiments were conducted inside a 1 L glass reaction vessel and heating was provided through a heating mantel. Temperature was controlled within ±1 °C of the set point. The reactor slurry was kept suspended by a shaft stirrer (600 and 1000 rpm). Samples were withdrawn through a dip rubber tube using a syringe and filtrations were performed using 0.45 μm nylon syringe filters from VWR. They were diluted with 5% HNO3 and stored in sealed plastic test tubes at room temperature. These samples were analyzed with ICP-OES (Perkin Elmer Optima 8000) to determine the concentration of REEs, Al, Ti and Fe in the leached solution. Leaching experiments were initially conducted for 2.5 h, and after analysis it was found that the REE leaching reaches its maximum at 30 min and plateaus beyond this point; thus 30 min was selected as the optimum residence time. To calculate the leaching efficiency, we used each REE concentration in the leach solution and the mass of the solid used in the experiment to calculate the mass of extracted REE per unit mass of solid (ppm, i.e., mg/kg) and divided that value by the REE concentration in the bauxite residue (presented in Fig. 2a ). Reproducibility tests (four independent experiments) showed that the experimentally measured data are accurate to within ±5%.
4
Extraction of Garlic Organosulfur Compounds
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
The extraction of organosulfur compounds (OSC) was performed according to previously described procedure (13 (link)) with some modifications. OSC were extracted from garlic samples (5.000±0.001) g with 20 mL distilled water, homogenised in a vortex mixer (ZX3; VELP Scientifica Srl) for 1 min and centrifuged at 2800×g for 5 min (Z 206 A; Hermle Labortechnik GmbH, Wehingen, Germany). The supernatants (1 mL) were transferred in 2.5-mL Eppendorf tubes (Sarstedt AG & Co. KG, Nümbrecht, Germany) and 1 mL acetonitrile was added, homogenised in a vortex (ZX3; VELP Scientifica Srl) for 1 min and centrifuged at 112´g for 5 min. Afterwards, supernatants were filtered through 0.25-µM nylon syringe filters (VWR-International, Darmstadt, Germany) and placed directly into HPLC vials and injected on HPLC column.
5
Microfluidic Device Fabrication Protocol
6
Polyphenol Extraction from Wild Blueberries
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
Polyphenolics were extracted by homogenizing 5 g of WBB-containing food product or 1 g of WBB powder in 25 mL of extraction solution containing methanol/water/formic acid (60:37:3 v/v/v), to the smallest particle size using a Euro Turrax T18 Tissuemizer (Tekmar-Dohrman Corp, Mason, OH, USA) for 1 min. Homogenates were centrifuged for 5 min at 10,864 × g. The pellet was re-extracted two additional times with 25 mL of extraction solution and centrifuged for 5 min at 10,864 × g. The filtrates were pooled and adjusted to 100 mL with extraction solvent in a volumetric flask. Prior to HPLC analysis, 5 mL of extract were dried in a Thermo Savant Speed Vac Plus SC210A (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) and reconstituted in 1 mL 5% formic acid in water. All samples were passed through 0.45 µm nylon syringe filters (VWR, Radnor, PA, USA) into 1 mL HPLC vials prior to HPLC analysis. The ice pop and juice samples did not undergo extraction due to prior extraction of anthocyanins to make the concentrate used in the formulation but were filtered using the 0.45 µm nylon syringe filters prior to HPLC analysis.
7
Quantification of Organic Acids and Lactose
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
Organic acids and lactose were extracted using a method modified from Upreti et al. (2006) . Permeates were analyzed at 10% solids. One hundred microliters of each sample was extracted in 900 μL of 0.013 N H 2 SO 4 (Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO), vortexed, and centrifuged at 8,000 × g at room temperature (21°C) for 5 min. The top layer was removed and filtered using 0.45-μm nylon syringe filters (VWR International, West Chester, PA). Twenty microliters of each sample was injected on the HPLC (Waters 1525 Binary Pump, Waters, Milford, MA) using an autosampler (Waters 2707 Autosampler) onto the column (0.8 mL/min, 300 × 7.8 ion exclusion, 55°C; Bio-Rad Labs, Richmond, CA). Each replicate of each permeate was injected in duplicate. The temperature of the injector was 4°C and a photodiode array detector (Waters 2998) was used for organic acids and a refractive index detector (Waters 2414 Refractive Index Detector, 30°C) was used for lactose. The maxima used for organic acid calculation was 254 and 285 nm due to citric and orotic acids coeluting at 254 nm. Citric acid was not detected at 285 nm. A standard curve was created for each organic acid and lactose. Organic acid standards were obtained from Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. (Pittsburgh, PA) and lactose standard was obtained from Sigma Aldrich.
8
Equilibrium Azithromycin Solubility Assessment
9
Patulin Extraction from P. expansum
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
Petri dishes were washed with 3 mL of acidified distilled water for extracting patulin from P. expansum mycelium. Washing water was collected, centrifuged at 10,000× g for 7 min at room temperature (Beckman centrifuge, Allegra × 22, Fullerton, CA, USA), filtered through a 0.45 µm nylon syringe filter (VWR s.r.l., Milan, Italy) and analysed by HPLC. Results were reported as ppm of patulin per mL of dish washing water, according to our protocols [5 (link),45 (link)].
10
Ash Material Microcosm Sampling and Analysis
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
Overlying water was collected from the microcosms at time points before (−1 h) and after the ash material addition (24 h, 14 days). For aerobic microcosms, the air bubblers were turned off during sampling, and the supernatant samples were immediately centrifuged at 3,000 RPM for 5 min and then filtered through a 0.2-μm nylon syringe filter (VWR). For anaerobic microcosms, the supernatant was sampled in an anaerobic glove box and directly filtered (no centrifugation).
The sample filtrate was split and preserved for analysis of major and trace elements via ICP-MS, major anions via Ion Chromatography (Dionex), Dissolved Organic Carbon (Shimadzu TOC-L), and pH. Whole slurry samples (4 mL) were taken at the 14-day time point for analysis of acid volatile sulfide. These aliquots were frozen at −20°C immediately after sampling. Further details on sample preservation and analysis can be found in theSupplementary Data section.
The sample filtrate was split and preserved for analysis of major and trace elements via ICP-MS, major anions via Ion Chromatography (Dionex), Dissolved Organic Carbon (Shimadzu TOC-L), and pH. Whole slurry samples (4 mL) were taken at the 14-day time point for analysis of acid volatile sulfide. These aliquots were frozen at −20°C immediately after sampling. Further details on sample preservation and analysis can be found in the
About PubCompare
Our mission is to provide scientists with the largest repository of trustworthy protocols and intelligent analytical tools, thereby offering them extensive information to design robust protocols aimed at minimizing the risk of failures.
We believe that the most crucial aspect is to grant scientists access to a wide range of reliable sources and new useful tools that surpass human capabilities.
However, we trust in allowing scientists to determine how to construct their own protocols based on this information, as they are the experts in their field.
Ready to get started?
Sign up for free.
Registration takes 20 seconds.
Available from any computer
No download required
Revolutionizing how scientists
search and build protocols!