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18 protocols using spectra analysis software

1

Analyzing Dental Mineralization by ATR-IR

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The same dentine samples that were analyzed by EDX were submitted for ATR-IR surface analyses by a Bruker Alpha (Bruker Optik GmbH, Ettlingen, Germany) Fourier-Transform FT-IR spectrometer in ATR mode with a diamond inner reflection element (IRE). The Iapatite/Iamide II and I1410(carbonate)/I554(phosphate) absorbance ratios were calculated as peak heights by using the Jasco Spectra analysis software (Jasco Inc., Easton, MD, USA), version 1.53.03. At least three spectra were recorded for each sample at each step of the study. Average spectra were shown; Iapatite/Iamide II and I1410(carbonate)/I554(phosphate) values were reported as mean values ± standard deviation.
The reduction of the Iapatite/Iamide II ratio indicated the occurrence of a demineralization, with the weakening of the apatite bands compared to those of collagen while increasing the ratio indicated a remineralization. The changes in the I1410(carbonate)/I554(phosphate) ratio assessed the carbonate content of the B-type carbonated apatite. The shifts of the collagen bands (Amide II e III) allowed for evaluation of the collagen rearrangements. Under the used experimental conditions, the penetration into the sample thickness was about 2 µm.
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2

Spectroscopic Characterization of Species

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The absorption spectra in the UV–vis region were recorded
at 298 K on a Cary300 Bio (Varian) spectrophotometer in 1 cm path
length quartz cells. CD spectra were recorded on a Jasco J 715 spectropolarimeter
over the range of 220–800 nm using different path lengths (1
and 0.1 cm). Sample solutions for UV–vis and CD spectroscopic
studies had compositions similar to those employed in the potentiometric
experiments. All measurements were recorded in the pH range of 2.5–11.5.
The pH was adjusted with appropriate amounts of HCl and NaOH solutions.
Absorptivities (ε, M–1 cm–1) were calculated at the pH value of the maximum concentration of
the considered species, as indicated by the potentiometric distribution
diagrams. All of the used solutions in this study were deaerated.
CD spectra were analyzed using Jasco Spectra Analysis Software (version
1.53.04). Data were processed using Origin 7.0.
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3

Structural Analysis of IgG1-Fc and MBP-Fc by CD

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To analyze the
secondary structures
of Expi293-derived IgG1-Fc and MBP-Fc, the circular dichroism (CD)
spectra were recorded with a J-820 spectropolarimeter (Jasco) using
the samples prepared at 0.1 mg/mL in PBS (pH 7.4) at 25 °C. The
CD measurements were performed at a scanning speed of 20 nm/min by
continuous scanning from 260 to 200 nm using a 1 mm path-length quartz
cell. Five scans were recorded for each sample, and the collected
data were analyzed by Spectra Analysis software (Jasco).
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4

Circular Dichroism Analysis of Collagen

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The CD analysis was performed on N-COL as provided and after being dissolved in 40%AA (20N-COL). The 20N-COL sample was prepared as in Section 2.1.1, transferred into a 5 mL Eppendorf, frozen at −20 °C overnight and then lyophilized under vacuum (<0.1 mbar) for 24 h. Then, 5 mg of each sample (N-COL and 20N-COL) was added to 5 mL of ddH2O under stirring at room temperature, attaining a concentration of 1 mg/mL. To avoid the signal saturation (absorbance higher than 1.0), a calibration step was performed for each sample where collagen was diluted up to a concentration of 0.1 mg/mL. The CD analysis was performed on diluted samples (0.1 mg/mL), using a JASCO J-815 Circular Dichroism Spectropolarimeter, equipped with a Xe arc lamp, to record data in the far-UV spectral range. A total number of 3 scans were recorded for each sample at 50 nm/sec scanning rate and at 20 °C to obtain the final averaged CD spectra, and the data analysed with the Spectra Analysis software, purchased by JASCO. All the tests were performed using a quartz circular cuvette with a path length of 0.1 mm in the 180–260 nm wavelength range. Correction of spectra were performed considering the correspondent solvent medium as baseline (ddH2O).
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5

Characterization of Yeast SOD1 Oxidation

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Far-UV (178 − 260 nm) CD spectra were collected at 25 °C on a Jasco J-815 spectropolarimeter equipped with a Peltier-element-controlled thermostat. All CD measurements were performed with a spectral bandwidth of 2 nm, a digital integration time of 4 s, and a scanning speed of 20 nm min−1 using a 50 μm path length cell. The final spectrum was obtained by subtracting the spectrum of the sample buffer (20 mM MOPS-NaOH buffer, pH 7.4) from the mean sample spectrum of three individual scans using Jasco Spectra Analysis software, with a Savitzky-Golay algorithm of convolution width 11 applied.
SDS-PAGE was employed to examine oxidation-induced oligomerization. Control samples were collected at 0.1 min and 180 min and compared to ySOD1 incubated with Cu2+, H2O2, AscH, and EDTA alone for 180 min, or aliquots from complete reaction systems collected at 0.1, 3, 5, 15, 30, 60, and 180 min. Sample containing 37.5 μM ySOD1 were heated to 95 °C for 10 min. Molecular mass markers (Invitrogen pre-stained marker 161–036) and samples were electrophoresed using 4–12% NuPAGE Bis-Tris mini acrylamide gels (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA), using the suppliers’ protocol (200 V, 40 min) and stained with Coomassie Brilliant Blue.
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6

Circular Dichroism Spectroscopy Protocol

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CD spectra were recorded on a Jasco J-815 spectrophotometer between 400 and 180 nm at 0.1 nm intervals, using 1 mm Suprasil® (Hellma) quartz cuvettes at 25 °C. Three consecutive scans at a scan-rate of 10 nm/min, 8 s response time and 1 nm bandwidth were averaged for each sample and for the background spectra. After subtracting the appropriate background spectra, the corrected CD data were processed using Jasco Spectra Analysis software.
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7

Circular Dichroism Analysis of EptA Protein

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The folded state of WT and mutant EptA was confirmed following buffer exchange into 20 mM sodium phosphate pH 7.0, 3× CMC detergent (0.023% DDM or 0.14% DPC) with a 5 ml HisTrap Desalting Column using an ÅKTApurifier FPLC system and diluted to a concentration of 0.1 mg ml−1. The far- UV spectral region was measured at 20°C on a circular dichroism (CD) spectrophotometer (Jasco J-720) using a 1 mm path length quartz cuvette. Data were collected every 1 nm in the 190–260 nm wavelength region with an integration time of 1 s per step and three accumulations. The CD spectra were collected in triplicate, corrected for the buffer baseline and the signal-to-noise ratio was improved using a Savitzky–Golay filter with the minimum convolution width (of five data points) using Spectra Analysis software (version 1.53.07 for Windows 95/NT, Jasco Corp.).
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8

Circular Dichroism Analysis of mAb Structure

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The secondary structure of each mAb was analyzed by the measurement of the circular dichroism (CD) spectrum using a J‐820 spectropolarimeter (Jasco). Samples were prepared at 0.7 μM in PBS (pH 7.4) in a 1 mm path‐length quartz cell. The CD measurements were carried out at 25°C by continuous scanning from 200 to 260 nm at a scanning speed of 20 nm/min. Five scans of each sample were accumulated. Analysis of the collected data was carried out using Spectra Analysis software (Jasco).
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9

Circular Dichroism Analysis of Protein Thermostability

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The secondary structure and thermostability of protein complexes were investigated using circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy on J-1700 Circular Dichroism Spectrophotometer. The protein complexes were prepared in a phosphate buffer (consisting of pH 8.0, 3.52 mM KH2PO4, 46.48 mM K2HPO4, 50 mM K2SO4, 2 mM LDAO and 1 mM DPC) for analysis at room temperature using Spectra Analysis software (JASCO) and for variable temperature CD analysis using the temperature interval measurement function on the JASCO instrument.
The spline interpolation method was used to compute the areas between the two temperature–CD curves (25 °C and 95 °C) to quantify the thermostability. In addition, the curve variation magnitudes represented by delta mean residue ellipticity were examined using both the Friedman nonparametric hypothesis test and Kendall’s coefficient of concordance, as both methods are highly suited to non-normally distributed data as nonparametric tests.
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10

Circular Dichroism Analysis of PBRM1-BD4

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PBRM1-BD4 secondary structure was assessed using a J-1500 CD spectrophotometer (JASCO). The samples were prepared at a concentration of 0.4 mg/ml in buffer (50 mM Na3PO4, 200 mM NaF, 5% v/v glycerol, pH 7.5 at 20 °C) and placed in 1 mm quartz cuvettes (Thermo Fisher Scientific). CD spectra were recorded at 25 °C from 280 to 200 nm, with a data pitch of 0.1 nm. A bandwidth of 1 nm was used with a digital integration time of 1 s and a scanning speed of 50 nm/min. Each spectrum was accumulated from five scans and corrected by subtracting the buffer spectrum from the sample spectrum. The data was processed using Spectra Analysis software supplied by the manufacturer (JASCO, https://jascoinc.com/products/spectroscopy/molecular-spectroscopy-software/) and transferred to GraphPad Prism for presentation.
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