Statistical package for the social sciences spss v 25

Statistical analysis was performed with descriptive statistics and frequency measures. To estimate the cost, directly purchased xylene was used, with an estimated price of USD 8.13 (27 soles) per liter. In order to assess the impact of contamination (two baths for cytological clearance), the annual reagent usage and the annual xylene bioaccumulation rate of four hospitals in Lima were considered. To estimate the impact of pollution and direct costs (between 2020–2025), of using three xylene baths, multiple logistic regression with Bayesian analysis was used, with a p-value <0.05 and a 95% confidence interval (CI) as significant. We used IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (
SPSS) v25.0 (Armork, US) for Linux for all data analysis.

The description of nominal variables was performed by examining the frequency of the categories, and means (SDs) or medians (P5–P95) were used for the scale variables. To compare differences, the bivariate analysis was conducted using the chi-squared test, and Cramér’s V was employed to evaluate the intensity of the relationship. To assess the magnitude of Cramér’s coefficients, Rea and Parke’s criteria [24 ] were taken as reference: 0.00–0.10 = negligible; 0.10–0.20 = weak; 0.20–0.40 = moderate; 0.40–0.60 = relatively strong; 0.60–0.80 = strong; 0.80–1.00 = very strong. All tests were two-tailed and performed at an alpha significance level <0.05 using the IBM^® Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) v.25.0.

The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to measure the normality of data. Mean differences between diagnostic groups (AD and VaD) were determined using Student's t-test for normally distributed continuous variables, while Mann- Whitney's U-test was used in other cases. Pearson's Chi Square was employed to evaluate distributions of categorical variables across groups.
Additionally, subjects were clustered according to mF, and mean differences in continuous variables were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc test (when variables followed normal distribution) or Kruskal-Wallis test. Partial correlations were used to assess associations among behavioral and cognitive variables and mF (analyzed as an ordinal variable), controlling for severity of hippocampal atrophy (as measured by the De Leon scale). Linear Logistic Regression was conducted to verify the predictive relationship of cognitive and behavioral aspects with white-matter damage. To this end, items significantly correlated with mF were included as independent variables and mF was defined as the dependent variable. The level of significance was set at p <0.05. The IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) v. 25 was used for data analyses.

Statistical analysis was performed using International Business Machines’ (IBM) Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) v25 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA).
A descriptive analysis of the socio-demographic variables was carried out in terms of sample size and percentages. The analysis of the differences between the subsamples is presented. Due to the nature of the socio-demographic variables, Pearson’s χ² test was used, using Cramer’s V to determine the effect size. The values proposed by Cohen (1988) were used to interpret the magnitude of the effect found.
To determine the differences in psychological well-being, resilience, and coping strategies between healthy subjects and HIV patients, the multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was performed.
In all statistical tests, testing was significant when p < 0.05