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16 protocols using liaison sars cov 2 s1 s2 igg assay

1

SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Quantification

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If desired, a second SARS-CoV-2 serological antibody test was performed at the follow-up visit. Participants were informed of their antibody test results after the study visit.
With the informed consent of the first study phase or after obtaining informed consent from all new participants of an already participating family and/or their legal guardian(s), a sample of peripheral venous blood was collected. SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies were detected in all samples by using a commercially available chemiluminescent immunoassay technology for the quantitative determination of anti-S1 and anti-S2 specific IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 (Diasorin LIAISON SARS-CoV-2 S1/S2 IgG Assay).
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2

Seroprevalence and RT-PCR Screening for SARS-CoV-2

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LIAISON SARS-CoV-2 S1/S2 IgG assay (DiaSorin, Saluggia, Italy) was used to detect anti-spike (S) S1/S2 IgG antibodies. Following MOH instructions, cutoff values were 15 AU/ml [10] , [11] (link).
Diagnostic testing for SARS-CoV-2 among RHCC personnel was conducted onsite using Allplex™ 2019-nCoV Assay RT-PCR (Seegene, Seoul, Korea).
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3

Quantitative Assessment of SARS-CoV-2 IgG Antibodies

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Serum samples were tested using LIAISON SARS-CoV-2 TrimericS IgG (DiaSorin), a quantitative CE-marked assay for the detection of IgG antibodies recognizing the native trimeric Spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 (Bonelli et al, 2021 (link)). According to the manufacturer’s instruction for use, the presence of an immune response in vaccine recipients was 100.0% (95% CI 96.3–100.0%) in 102 samples collected after ≥21 d from second dose. The levels of IgG antibodies were originally expressed in AU/ml. Following the definition of the WHO International Standard for anti-SARS-CoV-2 Immunoglobulin (NIBSC 20:136), the readout was updated and the assay currently calculates the levels of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in BAU/ml (Perkmann et al, 2021 (link)). Samples ≥33.8 BAU/ml were considered positive. In Fig S6, for the determination of IgG anti–SARS-CoV-2 in the serum of patients in hemodialysis the Liaison SARS-CoV-2 S1/S2 IgG assay (DiaSorin) was used (Bonelli et al, 2020 (link)).
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4

Comparative Evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 IgG Assays

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We assessed SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in all samples using three commercially available assays.
First, chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA) technology for the quantitative determination of anti-S1 and anti-S2 specific IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 was used: Diasorin LIAISON SARS-CoV-2 S1/S2 IgG Assay. Antibody levels > 15.0 AU/mL were considered positive and levels between 12.0 and 15.0 AU/mL were considered equivocal.
Second, an ELISA detecting IgG against the S1 domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, Euroimmun Anti-SARS-CoV-2 ELISA, was used; a ratio < 0.8 was considered negative, 0.8–1.1 equivocal, > 1.1 positive.
Third, chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay (CMIA) intended for the qualitative detection of IgG antibodies to the nucleocapsid protein of SARS-CoV-2, Abbott Diagnostics ARCHITECT SARS-CoV-2 IgG, was used. This assay relies on an assay-specific calibrator to report a ratio of specimen absorbance to calibrator absorbance. The interpretation of result is determined by an index (S/C) value, which is a ratio over the threshold value. An index (S/C) of < 1.4 was considered negative, ≥ 1.4 was considered positive.
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5

SARS-CoV-2 Spike IgG Antibody Quantification

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SARS-CoV-2 S1/S2 spike IgG antibodies were enumerated employing LIAISON SARS-CoV-2 S1/S2 IgG assay, a chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA) for quantitative detection of anti-S1 and anti-S2 IgG antibodies of SARS-CoV-2 following manufacture instructions (LIAISON® XL, DiaSorin, Saluggia, Italy). Concentrations of <12.0 AU/mL are interpreted as negative, ≥12.0 to <15.0 AU/mL are interpreted as equivocal, and ≥15.0 AU/mL are interpreted as positive [18 (link)].
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6

Serological Assays for SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies

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Blood samples were run on an Abbott ARCHITECT i2000 instrument using the Abbott SARS-CoV-2 nucleoprotein assay and the DiaSorin LIAISON® SARS-CoV-2 S1/S2 IgG assay following the manufacturer’s instructions. The Abbott assay is a chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay for qualitative detection of IgG in human serum or plasma against the SARS-CoV-2 nucleoprotein. The Liaison SARS-CoV-2 S1/S2 is a chemiluminescence assay, that uses paramagnetic microparticles coated with S1 and S2 fragments of the viral surface spike protein (positive cut-off of >12 AU/ml). According to the manufacturer’s information, the Liaison SARS-CoV-2 S1/S2 IgG assay of >15 AU/ml reached a plaque-reduction neutralization test (PRNT) titer of 1:40 in 17/18 patients and a PRNT titer of >1:160 if SARS-CoV-2 S1/S2 IgG of 80 AU/ml were analysed [24 ]. Presence of antibodies against the nucleocapsid protein (anti-N) were evaluated to capture convalescent persons. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients, who developed a humoral immune response to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, compared to healthy controls.
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7

SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence Questionnaire and Assays

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We developed and pilot-tested a questionnaire in collaboration with the participants. The paper-based questionnaire had three sections: (i) basic information such as sex, age, profession, workload, healthcare facility; (ii) episodes of illness including date, symptoms, testing for SARS-CoV-2, self-isolation and quarantine; (iii) travel including date and destination. Questionnaire data were entered into REDCap by a single person [12, (link)13] (link).
A blood sample was taken from each participant and centrally processed and stored at the Institute of Laboratory Medicine in Olten. Analyses were made at the Institute for Infectious Diseases (IFIK) of the University of Bern. Blood samples were run on the Abbott ARCHITECT i2000 instrument using the Abbott SARS-CoV-2 IgG assay (Abbott Diagnostics, Chigago, US) and the Liaison SARS-CoV-2 S1/S2 IgG assay (DiaSorin, Saluggia, Italy) following the manufacturer's instructions. The Abbott assay is a chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay for qualitative detection of IgG in human serum or plasma against the SARS-CoV-2 nucleoprotein [8] (link). The Liaison SARS-CoV-2 S1/S2 is a chemiluminescence assay consisting of paramagnetic microparticles coated with S1 and S2 fragments of the viral surface spike protein. It is used for the qualitative detection of IgG in human serum or plasma against the SARS-CoV-2 [7] (link).
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8

Comparative Antibody Detection Assays for SARS-CoV-2

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A serum sample from each patient was sent to the National Virus Reference Laboratory (NVRL) for testing. Each sample was tested for antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 using two commercial assays: the Abbott Architect SARS CoV-2 IgG Assay which detects antibodies (IgG) to the SARS CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein and the FORTRESS Diagnostics SARS-CoV-2 ELISA, which detects total antibody response to the receptor-binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. If the results were discordant between the two assays, the sample was tested on a third assay, the Liaison assay, which detects antibodies to spike 1 and 2 protein. It there was concordance between the FORTRESS and Liaison assays that result was accepted, if there was discordance, the result was considered equivocal.
The Abbott Architect SARS-CoV-2 IgG Assay used to detect antibodies (IgG) to SARS-CoV-2 has a sensitivity and specificity of 93% and 100%, respectively.
The Fortress Diagnostics COVID-19 Total Antibody Assay has a sensitivity range of 94 to 95.4% and a specificity of 100%.
The DiaSorin LIAISON SARS-CoV-2 S1/S2 IgG assay has, at greater than 15 days post COVID-19 diagnosis, a sensitivity of 97.9% and a clinical specificity of 98.6%.
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9

SARS-CoV-2 IgG Antibody Detection

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For the determination of IgG anti SARS-CoV-2 the Liaison SARS-CoV-2 S1/S2 IgG assay (DiaSorin, Saluggia (VC), Italy) was used33 (link). The method is an indirect chemiluminescence immunoassay for the determination of anti-S1 and anti-S2 specific antibodies. Intra- and inter-assay coefficient of variation are < 1.9% and < 3.7% respectively. In the datasheet of the test, in a cohort of 304 COVID-19 patients 97.5% of the samples above 15 AU/mL and 86% of those with IgG > 12 AU/mL resulted positive for neutralizing antibodies with a titer > 1:40 in the Plaque Reduction Neutralization Test (PRNT).
The sensitivity of the test as reported by the manufacturer is 90.4% (79.4–95.8%) while the specificity is 98.5% (97.5–99.2%).
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10

Quantifying SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Levels

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Total antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (NP) were quantified using the Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 test on the cobas e801 module (Roche, Penzberg, Germany). IgG antibodies directed against subunits S1 and S2 of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein were quantified using the LIAISON SARS-CoV-2 S1/S2 IgG assay and the Liaison XL chemiluminescence analyzer (DiaSorin, Saluggia, Italy).
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