For CAR transduction efficacy, CAR-T cells (1 × 106) were suspended in 100 μL Dulbecco’s PBS (DPBS; Thermo Fisher) and incubated with PE-conjugated anti-CD3 (BD, Biosciences) and FITC-conjugated anti-CAR (Immunochina Pharmaceuticals) for 30 min. After washing with DPBS twice, the cells were evaluated with FlowJo software (FlowJo 7.6.1).
For CAR-T cell detection, red blood cells were removed using an RBC lysing buffer (Sigma Aldrich, MO) for 5 min, followed by washing and re-suspension in 1× HBSS containing 1% FBS. The separated blood cells were stained with PE-conjugated anti-CD3 (BD, Biosciences) and FITC-conjugated anti-CAR (Immunochina Pharmaceuticals) in 4 °C for 30 min and followed by washing with DPBS containing 1% FBS. Cells were analyzed using BD FACS Callibur cytometry (BD Biosciences). The results were evaluated by FlowJo software.