Programat ep 3000

Manufactured by Ivoclar Vivadent

Sourced in Liechtenstein, United States, Germany

The Programat EP 3000 is a high-performance sintering and firing furnace designed for use in dental laboratories. It is capable of performing a variety of functions, including the sintering of dental ceramics and the firing of various restorative materials.

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Lab products found in correlation

Ips e max ceram glaze liquid, by Ivoclar Vivadent (1 mentions) Isomet 1000, by Buehler (1 mentions) Analytical balance, by Ohaus (1 mentions)

4 protocols using programat ep 3000

Ceramic Disc Preparation and Treatments

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LD blocks (IPS e.max CAD, LTA3/ C14, Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein) were cut into 12 mm diameter cylinders. They were sectioned (Extec High Concentration, Extec, Enfield, CT, EUA; Isomet 1000, Buehler, Plymouth, MN, EUA) into 160 discs (1.2 ± 0.2 mm thickness) (ISO 6872/2008). Discs were polished with silicon carbide paper (400 to 1200 grit, Norton, Guarulhos, SP, Brazil; Politriz, Buehler, Plymouth, MN, EUA) and cleaned in an ultrasonic bath.
The ceramic discs were subjected to one of the following procedures : no additional procedure (NO; n = 80), crystallization firing with a maximum temperature of 850 °C for 28 min (Programat EP 3000, Ivoclar Vivadent), as recommended by the manufacturer; and stain and glaze (SG; n = 80), crystallization firing as mentioned above, followed by staining (IPS e.max Ceram Shades, Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein) and glazing (IPS e.max Ceram Glaze Liquid, Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein). Firing of the stain and glaze was performed in a single cycle, with a maximum temperature of 770 °C for 17 min (Miranda et al., 2020a (link)).

Serrado de Pinho Barcellos A., Soares Miranda J., Amaral M., Araújo Alvarenga J., Nogueira L, & Tomomitsu Kimpara E. (2021). Effect of staining on the mechanical, surface and biological properties of lithium disilicate. The Saudi Dental Journal, 34(2), 136-141.

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Porcelain Firing Simulation Protocol

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Cylindrical samples were prepared with abrasive paper (grit size 180, 320, 600, 800, 1200, 2400) and the frontal upper surface was polished with diamond slurry (3 μm) using a Minitech 233 (Presi, Le Locle, Switzerland) polishing machine. After degreasing and steam-cleaning, the samples were subjected to the metal-porcelain firing cycle under vacuum in a dental porcelain furnace (Programat EP3000, Ivoclar Vivadent Amberst, NY, USA). The protocol for parameters used for opaquer, dentin and glaze firing simulation is given in Table 3.

Rylska D., Sokolowski G, & Lukomska-Szymanska M. (2021). Does Simulated Porcelain Firing Influence Corrosion Properties of Casted and Sintered CoCr Alloys?. Materials, 14(15), 4147.

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Density Analysis of Silica-Zpex Ceramic

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Five specimens were submitted to a theoretical density analysis, which is based on Archimedes's principle. For that, each sample was weighted on an analytical scale (Adventurer Analytical balance, Ohaus, Parsippany, NJ, USA) when dried, underwater and after immersed in water for 24 hours. This method was used to estimate the density of the Silica-Zpex experimental ceramic after sintering. After cutting, the lithium disilicate specimens were taken to a furnace (Programat EP3000, Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein) for crystallization according to the manufacturer's recommendations in order to obtain their final optical properties.

Mosquim V., Ferrairo B.M., Vertuan M., Magdalena A.G., Fortulan C.A., Lisboa-Filho P.N., Cesar P.F., Bonfante E.A., Honório H.M, & Sanches Borges A.F. (2020). Structural, chemical and optical characterizations of an experimental SiO₂-Y-TZP ceramic produced by the uniaxial/isostatic pressing technique. Journal of the mechanical behavior of biomedical materials, 106.

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Biaxial Flexural and Hardness of IPS e.max

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For the biaxial flexural strength (BFS) and Vickers Hardness (VH), twenty specimens were prepared (n=20) with ten samples used for each test.
Ceramic discs were made from IPS e.max Press ingots using a ceramic furnace Programat EP 3000 (Ivoclar-Vivadent, Germany) following the firing cycle recommended by the manufacturer. Further grinding and polishing using the same methodology described above was used to obtain the final specimens.

Elmougy A., Schiemann A.M., Wood D., Pollington S, & Martin N. (2018). Characterisation of machinable structural polymers in restorative dentistry. Dental materials : official publication of the Academy of Dental Materials, 34(10).

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