8 hydroxy 2 deoxyguanosine 8 ohdg

Potassium ferrocyanide-K₄[Fe(CN)₆] and potassium chloride (KCl) were purchased from Merck (Germany). N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) was bought from Sigma-Aldrich (Germany). 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) was purchased from the Cayman Chemical Company. For the synthesis of nitrogen-doped graphene the following chemicals were used: graphene oxide, prepared using a modified Hummers method as previously reported [42 (link)], and urea (Alfa-Aesar, Germany).

8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) was purchased from Cayman Chemical Company. Boric acid (H₃BO₃), sodium chloride (NaCl), monobasic sodium phosphate (NaH₂PO₄), and dibasic sodium phosphate (Na₂HPO₄) were bought from REACTIVUL Bucuresti (Bucharest, Romania). Potassium ferrocyanide K₄[Fe(CN)₆] and KCl were purchased from Merck. Dimethylformamide (DMF) was purchased from JTBaker (HPLC grade). High-purity (99.9995%) graphite rods were employed for electrochemical exfoliation and were bought from Alfa-Aesar (Kandel, Germany).

Drugs and reagents were obtained from the following sources: 3-(3-carbamoylphenyl)phenyl N-cyclohexylcarbamate (URB597), 4-hyroxynonenal (4-HNE), 8-iso Prostaglandin F_2α-d₄ (8-isoPGF2α–d₄), 8-iso Prostaglandin F_2α (8-isoPGF2α) and 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) from Cayman Chemical Company (Ann Arbor, MI, USA); 11-deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), β-Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide 2′-phosphate reduced tetrasodium salt hydrate (NADPH), xanthine, xanthine oxidase (XO), 9,9′-Bis(N-methylacridinium nitrate) (lucigenin), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) thioredoxin (Trx), l-ascrobic acid, retinol, l-glutathione reduced (GSH), l-glutathione oxidized (GSSG), benzaldehyde-d₆ and Tween 80 were acquired from Sigma-Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany); pentobarbital sodium was purchased from Biowet (Puławy, Poland); chloro-2,4-dinitro benzene (CDNB), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), and 5,5′-dithiobis (2-dinitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB) were acquired from Sigma-Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany). DOCA was dissolved in DMF, whereas URB597 was dissolved in an URB597 solvent: a mixture of DMSO, Tween 80, and saline (0.9% NaCl) [1:2:7; v/v/v].