Drp c220at

The chemosensors were evaluated by constant-potential amperometry in a three-electrode configuration with an Ag/AgCl reference electrode, a Pt-wire counter electrode, and working electrodes—the 3.05 mm diameter carbon rod (type RW001, Ringsdorff Werke, Bonn, Germany) sealed in a glass tube using epoxy glue, the 4 mm planar carbon electrode DRP-150, and the planar gold electrode DRP-C220AT from DropSens [Llanera (Asturias), Spain].
Platinized electrodes were prepared by electrochemical Pt deposition from a 2% solution of H₂PtCl₆ according to [28 ]. Calibration was performed by stepwise addition of a standard FA solution.

The electrochemical measurements were conducted with a potentiostat/galvanostat from Metrohm Autolab and a PGSTAT302N, equipped with a FRA2 module and controlled by Nova 10.1 software. Raman measurements were performed using a Thermo Scientific DXR Raman microscope system with a 100 mW 532 nm excitation laser. Ellipsometry measurements were performed using a J.A.Woollam Co, Inc M/2000V model ellipsometer with a 370–1000 nm spectral range and 50 W QTH lamp equipped with an EC/400 electronics control module and controlled with CompleteEASE v4.92 software. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements were performed using Veeco Metrology Multimode/Nanoscope IVA. Au-SPEs were purchased from DROPSENS (DRP-C220AT), having working and counter electrodes made of gold and reference electrode and electrical contacts made of silver. The diameter of the working electrode was 4 mm. The Au-SPEs were interfaced with the potentiostat by means of a compatible switch box, from BioTID/Porto-Portugal.

All measurements were carried out at room temperature. Electrochemical measurements were performed with a µSTAT 200 potentiostat (Dropsens, Oviedo, Spain) controlled by Dropview software. The electrodes consist of screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) (DRP C110 and DRP C220AT, Dropsens, Oviedo, Spain) [19 (link),29 (link)]. The working (4 mm in diameter) and counter electrodes are made of carbon (C, DRP C110) or gold (Au, DRP C220AT), while the reference electrodes are made of silver (Ag). Such SPEs have been already used in related literature for electrode modification purposes [19 (link),29 (link),30 (link)]. All potentials are reported vs. the Ag pseudo-reference electrode. Cyclic voltammetry measurement were performed between −0.3 and +0.8 V for the gold electrodes and between −0.5 V and +1 V for the carbon electrodes. Square wave voltammetry wasconducted between −0.3 V and +0.4 V with a potential step of 10 mV; a potential pulse of 60 mV and at a frequency of 15 Hz.