was mixed with 5× Laemmli buffer with 5% β-mercaptoethanol,
heated for 5 min at 100 °C, and separated on 10% sodium dodecyl
sulfate (SDS) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis gels. Following electrophoresis,
the proteins were transferred to Immobilon-P transfer membranes (Sigma-Aldrich)
using the Trans-Blot TurboTM Transfer System (Bio-Rad Laboratories).
Membranes were visualized with Ponceau Red (FlukaTM Analytical). Membranes
were probed with the following antibodies purchased from Cell Signaling
Technology: MAPKAPK3 (#7421), MAPK14 (#9218), Thr180/Tyr182-P-p38
MAPK (#4511), and anti-rabbit IgG-HRP (#7074). GAPDH (sc-47,724) was
purchased from Santa Cruz. The Amersham Imager 600 digital imaging
system (GE Healthcare) was used for image acquisition and Quantity
One v4.6.3 (Bio-Rad Laboratories) for band densitometry. All western
blots are presented as cropped images, with full scans of blots provided
in