Malic acid
Malic acid is a dicarboxylic acid that occurs naturally in various fruits and vegetables. It is commonly used as a food additive and in the production of various chemicals and pharmaceuticals.
Lab products found in correlation
10 protocols using malic acid
Anaerobic Bacterial Growth Optimization
Evaluating Matrix and Time Effects on Analyte Recovery
Metabolomic Analysis of Diverse Compounds
Silicate Glass Characterization
Quantitative Analysis of Sugars and Organic Acids
Formulation and Stability of Rebaudioside A Beverage
Determination of Phytochemicals in Fruits
Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents Extraction
Curcuminoid Extraction and Characterization
The hydrogen bond acceptors acetylcholine chloride (AcCh, purity > 99%), choline chloride (ChCl, purity > 99%) were bought from Sigma-Aldrich (Darmstadt, Germany) and proline (Pro, purity > 99%) was bought from TCI (Eschborn, Germany). The hydrogen bond donors citric acid (Cit, purity > 99.5%), lactic acid (Lac, purity > 85%, FCC), levulinic acid (Lev, purity > 98%) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Darmstadt, Germany), malic acid (Mal, purity > 99%) from Alfa Aesar (Thermo Fisher GmbH, Kandel, Germany), and oxalic acid dihydrate (Ox, purity > 99%) from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). To see the corresponding structures and abbreviations of the hydrogen bond donors and acceptors, regard
The solvents ethanol (EtOH, purity > 99%), acetonitrile (purity > 99%, HPLC grade), acetic acid (purity > 99%), and triacetin (TriA, purity > 99%, food-grade) were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Water was deionized using a Millipore Milli-Q purification system (Merck Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA).
All chemicals were used without further purification.
Comprehensive Wine Quality Analysis
Alcohol content was measured using an Alcoquick L200 infralyser (Unisensor, Karlsruhe, Germany) and pH with a Titromatic pHmeter (Hachlange, Düsseldorf, Germany). Titratable (?) acidity was measured according to the OIV method (2009) . A Konelab Arena 20 sequential analyzer (Thermo Electron Corporation, Waltham, USA) using enzyme kits provided by several suppliers was used to determine volatile acidity (Megazyme, Wicklow, Ireland) and malic acid (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, USA). Potassium determination was done by flame photometry (Bio Arrow, France) according to the OIV method ( 2009) and tartaric acid determination by colorimetric titration (Hill and Caputi 2009) . Anthocyanins and the Total Phenolic Index (TPI) were quantified according to the techniques described by Ribéreau-Gayon and Stonestreet (1965) and Ribéreau-Gayon (1970) , respectively, using an Evolution 100 spectrophotometer (Thermo Electron Corporation, Waltham, USA). Absorbance was measured at 420, 520 and 620 nm and Color Hue and Color Intensity were calculated by the A420/A520 ratio and by summing the three color components (A420-yellow, A520-red, and A620-blue), respectively. All determinations were carried out in duplicate.
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