Two male rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta, 8–13 kg, 7–8 years old) were used in these experiments. All experimental procedures complied with US National Institutes of Health guidelines and were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees at the New York State Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University. Prior to training, we implanted a plastic head post secured to the skull using ceramic bone screws. Surgery was conducted using aseptic techniques under isoflurane anesthesia, and analgesics and antibiotics were administered postsurgically. After the monkeys were behaviorally trained, we acquired T1-weighted MRIs with fiducial markers attached to the head post. In a second surgery, we implanted a plastic recording chamber over dorsal visual area V4 guided by a neuronavigation system (Brainsight, Rogue Research, Quebec, Canada) registered to the MRI for each monkey. Recordings targeted the lunate gyrus posterior to the junction of the superior temporal sulcus and the sylvian fissure.
Neuronavigation system
Manufactured by Rogue Research
Sourced in Canada
The Neuronavigation system is a medical device used to assist in the planning and guidance of surgical procedures. It uses a combination of imaging techniques, such as MRI or CT scans, and real-time tracking to provide a detailed map of the patient's anatomy, allowing the surgeon to navigate and accurately target specific areas of the brain or other structures during the operation.
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Lab products found in correlation
4 protocols using neuronavigation system
1
Rhesus Monkey Neurophysiology Experiments
2
Rhesus Monkey Neurophysiology Experiments
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Two male rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta, 8–13 kg, 7–8 years old) were used in these experiments. All experimental procedures complied with US National Institutes of Health guidelines and were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees at the New York State Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University. Prior to training, we implanted a plastic head post secured to the skull using ceramic bone screws. Surgery was conducted using aseptic techniques under isoflurane anesthesia, and analgesics and antibiotics were administered postsurgically. After the monkeys were behaviorally trained, we acquired T1-weighted MRIs with fiducial markers attached to the head post. In a second surgery, we implanted a plastic recording chamber over dorsal visual area V4 guided by a neuronavigation system (Brainsight, Rogue Research, Quebec, Canada) registered to the MRI for each monkey. Recordings targeted the lunate gyrus posterior to the junction of the superior temporal sulcus and the sylvian fissure.
3
Neuronavigation-Guided Transcranial DLPFC Targeting
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The stimulus site on the left DLPFC was identified by designating the Montreal neurological institute coordinates (x = -38, y = 44, z = 26) at the individual level using neuronavigation system (Brainsight, Rogue Research Inc., Montréal, Canada) based on each subject's structural magnetic resonance imaging data.
4
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Protocol
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TMS data acquisition procedures are outlined in Figure 1 . The skin over the TA was cleaned with alcohol-soaked pads. Disposable, single-use, bipolar (2 cm spacing), Ag/AgCl sEMG electrodes were placed over the dominant limb TA (healthy), and the contralesional and ipsilesional limb TAs (stroke). A reusable elastic sports bandage was wrapped around the electrodes and wires to reduce any movement artifact during testing and better secure the electrodes to the skin. The quality of the sEMG signals was tested, and deemed sufficient if there was <0.025 mV of sEMG activity with the participants’ muscles at rest. Once sEMG signals were of sufficient quality, the participants were registered to the neuro-navigation system (Brainsight, Rogue Research, CAN) using the standard MNI brain and head model native to the software. A 3 × 5 point grid, with 1 cm between each grid point and 0.5 cm lateral to the interhemispheric fissure, was placed over the dominant limb hemisphere in healthy control participants, and over both hemispheres in post-stroke individuals, before a participant’s arrival.
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