Paxgene blood rna tube

The malaria-naïve individuals in this study, all of whom were febrile during P. falciparum infection (malaria-naïve, febrile; NF) included five individuals who were recruited as infectivity controls for a previously described CHMI study (NCT01218893)16 (link). Briefly, all five individuals tested negative for P. falciparum-specific antibodies by ELISA at enrolment, and none had travelled to a malaria-endemic area within 6 months prior to the study. In October 2011, individuals were challenged simultaneously by exposure to bites of five Anopheles stephensi mosquitoes infected with the NF54 P. falciparum strain and monitored by daily thick blood smear starting on days 5–6 post-challenge. Whole blood was collected for RNA in PAXgene blood RNA tubes (PreAnalytiX) on the day prior to challenge; days 5, 6 and 9 after challenge; the day of treatment; and day 35 after challenge. In addition to blood-smear diagnosis, parasite density was also retrospectively quantified by qPCR of blood DNA samples collected up to twice daily from day 5 until day 21 after challenge to determine the time to PCR-positivity as described previously16 (link). Curative anti-malarial treatment with atovaquone/proguanil was provided immediately after patent parasitaemia was detected.

A total of 51 adult AML patients, who agreed to donate bone marrow samples for research after giving informed consent, were included in the clinical validation cohort. Bone marrow samples of these patients at the time of diagnosis were collected using PAXgene Blood RNA tubes (PreAnalytiX, Hombrechtikon, Switzerland). The AIMP2 and AIMP2-DX2 mRNA levels were assessed by RT-PCR. Patients were divided into two groups according to the positivity of AIMP2-DX2. The diagnosis of AML was based on the WHO criteria, and AML was classified according to the FAB classification system. Patients were stratified into three risk groups based on cytogenetic and molecular analyses of bone marrow samples according to the refined MRC criteria^{42 (link)}. Data regarding patient demographics and survival outcomes were obtained by a review of medical records. OS was defined as the duration from diagnosis to death from any cause, and PFS was defined as the time from diagnosis until relapse or death from any cause. Patients who were alive were censored at the date of the last contact. This protocol was approved by the Seoul National University Hospital Institutional Review Board (IRB approval number: 1201-099-396). This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki provisions.

One hundred sixty-one patients with PCR-confirmed COVID-19 infection at presentation were enrolled at the Emergency Department (ED) of Stanford University Hospital, USA. A 2.5-mL whole-blood sample was collected in PAXgene Blood RNA tubes (PreAnalytiX, Hombrechtikon, Switzerland) within 12 h of presenting to the ED and frozen following the instructions of the manufacturer.
Clinical data collected, in the form of a structured questionnaire, included presence of symptoms, past medical history, medications, hospital length of stay (hours and days), CRP, procalcitonin, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and ferritin levels and neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, eosinophil, and basophil counts. In addition, we determined the patient’s clinical outcomes in the form of disposition from the emergency department, need for mechanical ventilation, and death.