Magnesium sulfate mgso4

Chlorpyrifos, indoxacarb, triazophos, and tolfenpyrad standards were used at a concentration of 1000 mg/L, in which chlorpyrifos and triazophos were dissolved in acetone, and indoxacarb and tolfenpyrad were dissolved in Methanol, purchased from Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture (Tianjin, China). Methanol and acetonitrile of HPLC grade were obtained from Merck KGaA (Darmstadt, Germany). Highly purified water was prepared by a Milli-Q water purification system (Bedford, MA, USA). Ammonium formate (≥ 99.995%) was purchased from Millipore Sigma Company (St Louis, MO, USA). Analytical reagent grade, including anhydrous sodium chloride (NaCl) and magnesium sulfate (MgSO₄), were obtained from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent (Beijing, China). MWCNTs (10–20 nm diameter, 10–30 µm length) were provided by Nanjing XFNANO Materials Tech Co., Ltd. (Nanjing, China). Purification materials, including primary secondary amine (PSA), Florisil, graphitized carbon black (GCB), NH₂, and C₁₈ with a diameter of 50 μm, were bought from Dikma Technologies Inc. (Beijing, China).

4-Bromobenzaldehyde (99%), indole (98%), tetrabutylammonium bromide (99%), 1-bromooctane (98%), iodine (I₂, 99.8%), hydrogen iodide (HI, 57%), bis(triphenylphosphine) dichloropalladium (Pd(PPh₃)₂Cl₂, >98%) and tetrabutylammonium hexafluorophosphate (TBAPF₆, 98%) were purchased from Aladdin Chemical Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Acetonitrile (ACN, 99.9%) was purchased from Tedia Co., Inc. (Fairfield, Ohio, USA). Ethanol, dichloromethane (DCM), hexane, mEthanol, N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), toluene, acetone, chloroform, magnesium sulfate (MgSO₄, 99.0%), potassium hydroxide (KOH) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). 5,5′-Bis(trimethylstannyl)-2,2′-bithiophene (>99%), 6-bis(5-bromo-2-thienyl)-2,5-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-2,5-dihydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1,4-dione (>98%) were purchased from Derthon Optoelectronic Materials Science Technology Co., Ltd. (Shenzhen, China). The above reagents are used directly without other treatment. indium-tin-oxide (ITO) coated glasses (sheet resistance: <10 Ω sq⁻¹) were purchased from Shenzhen CSG Display Technologies.

Standards of chlorantraniliprole, bromoantraniliprole, flubendiamide, tetrachlorantraniliprole, cyclaniliprole, flonicamid, cyantraniliprole and tolfenpyrad were bought from Tianjin Alta Scientific Ltd. (Tianjin, China), and all those compounds were dissolved in methanol to 100 µg/mL. Methanol and acetonitrile of HPLC grade were obtained from Merck KGaA. (Darmstadt, Germany). Highly purified water was prepared by a Milli-Q water purification system (Bedford, MA). Ammonium formate (≥ 99.995%) was purchased from MilliporeSigma Company (St Louis, MO). Analytical reagent grade including anhydrous sodium chloride (NaCl) and magnesium sulfate (MgSO₄) were obtained from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent (Beijing, China). MWCNTs (10–30 µm length, 10–20 nm diameter) were provided by Nanjing XFNANO Materials Tech Co., Ltd. (Nanjing, China). PSA with diameter of 50 μm were bought from Dikma Technologies Inc. (Beijing, China).

The initial sample preparation was identical to that used for the QuEChERS method [38 (link)]. Standard compounds were provided by the Institute of the Control of Agrochemicals, Ministry of Agriculture, China. The purity of the standard pesticides was 95–99%. Stock solutions of 10 mg/L of the pesticide mixture were prepared in acetonitrile and stored at −20 °C. The working solutions were prepared daily. HPLC-grade acetonitrile was obtained from Fisher Chemicals (Fair Lawn, NJ, USA). Analytical-reagent-grade anhydrous sodium chloride (NaCl) and magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) were obtained from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent (Beijing, China). Tianjin Bonna-Agela Technologies (Tianjin, China) provided MWCNTs with different average external diameters and PSA. The MWCNTs were dried for 2 h at 120 °C to remove the absorbed water and then kept in desiccators for storage.

Polyester screens (180 mesh) were purchased from Hangzhou Daheng Filter Cloth Co., Ltd. (Hangzhou, China). Polysulfone (PSF), N−methyl−2−pyrrolidone (NMP, AR), N, N−dimethylformamide (DMF, AR), m−phenylenediamine (MPD, AR), 1,3,5−benzenetricarbonyl trichloro (TMC, AR), dopamine hydrochloride (DA, AR), tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane (Tris, AR), sodium chloride (NaCl), lithium chloride (LiCl) and magnesium sulfate (MgSO₄) were obtained from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co., Ltd. (St. Louis, MO, USA).

Baicalin (purity 76%, batch no. ZLSW2108090–1) was purchased from Xi’an Zelang Biotechnology Co., LTD (Xi’an, China). Magnesium sulfate (MgSO₄, purity 98.0%, analytical purity, batch no. 20130812) was obtained from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., LTD (Shanghai, China). Baicalin magnesium (purity 80.98%) was obtained from Professor Cuizhe Liu. High-fat feed (88% basic feed, 10% lard and 2% cholesterol) [18 (link)] was obtained from Beijing Hfk Bioscience Co., LTD (Beijing, China). ALT, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) kits were supplied by Ningbo Purebio Biotechnology Co., LTD (Ningbo, China). Myeloperoxidase (MPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malonaldehyde (MDA) kits were obtained from Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute of Nanjing (Nanjing, China). IL-6 and IL-10 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits were obtained from Cusabio Technology Co., LTD (Barksdale, USA). The IL-1β ELISA kit was purchased from Multi Sciences Biotechnology Co. LTD (Hangzhou, China). Antibodies against NLRP3, caspase-1, tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), IL-18, and IL-1β were obtained from Proteintech Group, Inc. (Chicago, IL, USA). The rapid total RNA extraction kit was purchased from Hangzhou Haoke Biotechnology Co., LTD (Hangzhou, China).

Hydrobromic acid (HBr) and magnesium sulfate (MgSO₄) were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. Methanesulfonic acid (98%), diphenyl ether (99%), sebacic acid (98%), methyl-4-formylbenzoate (99%), ammonium hexafluorophosphate (98%), and methyl-4-(aminomethyl)benzoate hydrochloride were purchased from Shanghai Energy-Chemical Co. Ltd. Dibenzo-24-crown-8 and 1-naphthol-3-sulfonic acid sodium salt were purchased from Tokyo Chemical Industry (TCI). Lithium aluminum hydride (LiAlH₄) (97%), phosphorus pentoxide (P₂O₅) and sodium sulfate decahydrate were purchased from Aladdin Industrial Corporation, China. All reagents were used as received.