Eds system

The microrobot samples were coated with nickel and titanium with a Q150TS sputtering system (Quorum Technologies, Newhaven, ES, UK). The morphology of the fabricated microrobots with NTS and cells were observed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) system (FEI, Nova 450). The crystal structures of NTS were investigated using an XRD-6100 system (Shimadzu, Nakagyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan) with Cu Kα radiation (λ = 0.15406 nm) from 5 °C to 65 °C. Tube voltage and current were set at 40 kV and 40 mA, respectively. Data were collected in 0.02 °C steps for 1 s per step. The atomic composition of the NTS was further characterised with an EDS system (Oxford Instrument, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK). The WCA test was investigated using contact angle meter (Chengding Technologies, Dongguan, Guangdong, China). Optical density (OD) was determined using a SpectraMax M5e microplate reader (Molecular Devices, San Jose, CA, USA). The magnetic control experiment was performed using a self-constructed magnetically actuated micromanipulation system in a microfluidic chip (Figure S2 and Video S3).

XRD patterns were recorded on a PANalytical X'Pert PRO MPD X-ray powder diffractometer using Cu Kα₁ radiation ( $\lambda =$ 1.54056 Å). SEM BSE imaging and EDS measurements of the chemical composition and elemental mapping were conducted on a focused ion beam scanning electron microscope FEI HeliosNanolab 650, equipped with EDS system from Oxford Instruments with X-max SDD detector. Electrical resistivity, thermoelectric power, thermal conductivity, Hall coefficient and specific heat were measured by a Quantum Design Physical Property Measurement System (PPMS 9 T). Magnetic properties were recorded on a Quantum Design MPMS3 SQUID magnetometer.

The microstructural observations and EDS analysis were performed using a Tescan Vega SBH3 scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with an EDS system (Oxford Instruments, Abingdon, UK). The area occupied by phases in the SEM image was calculated using Tescan software to determine the intermetallic-phase volume fraction. The DSC measurements were performed at a heating rate of 20 °C/min in Al₂O₃ crucibles under Ar gas flow to measure the liquidus and solidus temperatures of the as-cast alloys.