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1 1 dimethylbiguanide hydrochloride

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1,1-dimethylbiguanide hydrochloride is a chemical compound that serves as a key ingredient in various laboratory applications. It is a white, crystalline powder that is soluble in water and alcohol. The primary function of this compound is to act as a starting material or intermediate in the synthesis of other chemical compounds used in research and development.

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Lab products found in correlation

Metformin, by Merck Group (3 mentions) Plasmocin, by InvivoGen (2 mentions) Dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso), by Merck Group (2 mentions) Fetal bovine serum (fbs), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions) Sk mel 28, by Korean Cell Line Bank (1 mentions) Paclitaxel, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Tris base, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Genistein, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Bromophenol blue, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Rpmi 1640 medium, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Acrylamide bis acrylamide solution, by Bio-Rad (1 mentions) Crystal violet, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Rpmi 1640 culture medium, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Glutaraldehyde, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Tween 20, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Phenyl methyl sulfonyl fluoride (pmsf), by Merck Group (1 mentions) Ammonium persulfate, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Temed, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Wortmannin, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Na3vo4, by Merck Group (1 mentions)

Spelling variants of this product

Metformin (1,1-dimethylbiguanide hydrochloride), (30 citations) Hydrochlorides (2 citations) 1,1-Dimethylbiguanide hydrochloride (metformin hydrochloride) (2 citations) 1,1-Dimethylbiguanide hydrochloride (D150959) (2 citations)

8 protocols using 1 1 dimethylbiguanide hydrochloride

1

Melanoma Cell Culture and Drug Treatments

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The human melanoma cancer cell line SK-MEL-28 was purchased from Korean Cell Line
Bank (Seoul, Korea). The cells were cultured in Dulbecco's modified
Eagle's medium (DMEM) supplemented with 10% (vol/vol) heat inactivated
fetal bovine serum (Gibco BRL) and 1% streptomycin/penicillin at 37℃ in a
humidified atmosphere consisting of 5% CO2 and 95% air. Cells were
maintained mycoplasma free by treating 5 µg/mL of Plasmocin (InvivoGen).
Paclitaxel was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich. The compound was initially dissolved
in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, Sigma-Aldrich) to a concentration of 1 mM and
further diluted in DMEM media. Metformin (also known as 1,1-dimethylbiguanide
hydrochloride) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich and dissolved in DMEM media to a
working concentration of 100 mM.
Ko G., Kim T., Ko E., Park D, & Lee Y. (2019). Synergistic Enhancement of Paclitaxel-induced Inhibition of Cell Growth by Metformin in Melanoma Cells. Development & Reproduction, 23(2), 119-128.
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2

Insulin Signaling Pathway Analysis

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RPMI-1640 culture medium and Fetal Bovine Serum were purchased from Gibco-Thermo Fisher Scientific. RPMI-1640 medium without phenol red, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, disodium phosphate, monopotassium phosphate, Nonidet 40, SDS, Na3VO4, PMSF, NaF, cOmplete cocktail 25x, crystal violet, EDTA, methanol, glycine, Tris-Base, NaOH, glutaraldehyde, acetic acid, beta-mercaptoethanol, bromophenol blue, glycerol, ammonium persulfate, TEMED, Tween-20, 1,1-Dimethylbiguanide hydrochloride, wortmannin, genistein were from Sigma Aldrich. 30% Acrylamide/Bisacrylamide Solution and Quick Start Bradford Protein Assay Dye Reagent from Biorad. Bortezomib was from Sandoz. Fast-acting recombinant human insulin (100 UI/ml) of PiSA. Recombinant human TNF-α of R&D Systems. Antibodies against IR-β (sc-81465), pIR-β (Tyr 1162–1163) (sc-25103), Akt-1 (sc-1618-R), pAkt (Ser 473) (sc-81433), p70S6K (sc-8418), pp70S6K (Thr 389) (sc-8416), Erk (sc-271269), pp38 (Tyr 182) (sc-166182), p38 (sc-7972), p65 (sc-372) and β-Actin (sc-47778) were from Santa Cruz Biotechnology. Antibody to pp65 (Ser 536) (93H1) and pErk (Thr 202-Tyr 204) (4370) of Cell Signaling Technology. Antibody to IKB-α (610690) of BD Transduction Laboratory. Anti-Mouse HRP and anti-Rabbit HRP secondary antibodies were of Invitrogen-Thermo Fisher Scientific. Oligos for RT-PCR were synthesized by Integrated DNA Technologies (IDT).
Flores-García L.C., Ventura-Gallegos J.L., Romero-Córdoba S.L., Hernández-Juárez A.J., Naranjo-Meneses M.A., García-García E., Méndez J.P., Cabrera-Quintero A.J., Ramírez-Ruíz A., Pedraza-Sánchez S., Meraz-Cruz N., Vadillo-Ortega F, & Zentella-Dehesa A. (2022). Sera from women with different metabolic and menopause states differentially regulate cell viability and Akt activation in a breast cancer in-vitro model. PLoS ONE, 17(4), e0266073.
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3

In Vitro Bioactivity Evaluation

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EtOH from Titolchimica (Pontecchio Polesine, Italy), HCl, HPLC purity methanol (MeOH), Folin-Ciocalteau reagent (FC), potassium chloride solution (KCl), sodium acetate solution (CH3COONa), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) reagent, lipoxidase from Glycine max (soybean) type I-B, 50,000 units/mg protein, pancreatin lipase (111.5 units/mg protein), α-amylase from porcine pancreas (type I-A, 700–1400 units/mg protein), sodium phosphate buffer solution (PBS), linoleic acid (≥99%), p-nitrophenyl palmitate, Arabic gum, Triton X-100, starch solution, dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS), quercetin ≥95% (HPLC), orlistat ≥ 98%, and 1,1-Dimethylbiguanide hydrochloride (metformin hydrochloride) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Steinheim am Albuch, Germany). The standards used for the HPLC analysis, delphinidin 3-O-glucoside, delphinidin 3-O-rutinoside, and cyanidin 3-O-rutinoside, were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Steinheim am Albuch, Germany) as primary reference standards.
Condurache (Lazăr) N.N., Croitoru C., Enachi E., Bahrim G.E., Stănciuc N, & Râpeanu G. (2021). Eggplant Peels as a Valuable Source of Anthocyanins: Extraction, Thermal Stability and Biological Activities. Plants, 10(3), 577.
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4

Metabolic Regulators and Enzymatic Assay

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Iodonitrotetrazolium chloride (INT), β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), L-lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), sodium L-lactate and the commercial L-lactate assay kit were acquired from Sigma-Aldrich Company; methoxy phenazine methosulfate (M-PMS) was purchased from MedChemExpress. Also, metabolic regulators as sodium dichloroacetate (DCA), 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) and 1,1-dimethylbiguanide hydrochloride (metformin) were obtained from the Sigma-Aldrich Company and subsequently dissolved in H2O. Lipopolysaccharide from Escherichia coli O127:B8 was purchased by Sigma-Aldrich Company and R848 delivered B8 (LPS) by InvivoGen.
Schmiedeknecht K., Kaufmann A., Bauer S, & Venegas Solis F. (2022). L-lactate as an indicator for cellular metabolic status: An easy and cost-effective colorimetric L-lactate assay. PLoS ONE, 17(7), e0271818.
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5

High-Fat Diet and Metformin Effects

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Animals (male C57BL6/J mice) were housed in a 12 h light-dark circle (06:00 on, 18:00 off, including a period of dawn) at constant temperature of 22 °C and a humidity of 60 rH.
Controls received standard chow (Altromin Spezialfutter, Lage, Germany, #TPF-1314: 5% fat, 4.8% disaccharide, 23% protein). HFD treated mice were fed a high fat, high sucrose diet (HFD; Altromin Spezialfutter, Lage, Germany, #105712: 35% fat, 19% disaccharide, 19% protein). HFD + Met and HFD + lateMet received the same HFD supplemented with 0,5% of metformin (1,1-Dimethylbiguanide Hydrochloride, 97%, Sigma Aldrich, Darmstadt, Germany, #D150959). Metformin was added to the diet during the manufacturing process to assure equal distribution over the HFD. Mice had access to chow and water ad libitum unless otherwise specified.
A detailed description about the different cohorts of mice used in this study can be found in the supplementary experimental procedures. All animal procedures were performed in accordance with the German Laws for Animal Protection and were approved by the local animal care committee (Landesamt für Natur-, Umwelt und Verbraucherschutz, LANUV, Recklinghausen, Germany; Az 37.09.298).
Schommers P., Thurau A., Bultmann-Mellin I., Guschlbauer M., Klatt A.R., Rozman J., Klingenspor M., de Angelis M.H., Alber J., Gründemann D., Sterner-Kock A, & Wiesner R.J. (2017). Metformin causes a futile intestinal–hepatic cycle which increases energy expenditure and slows down development of a type 2 diabetes-like state. Molecular Metabolism, 6(7), 737-747.
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6

Melanoma Cell Line Culturing and Treatment

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We purchased the human melanoma cell line G361 from Korean Cell Line Bank (Seoul,
Korea). The cells were cultured in RPMI 1640 (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA)
supplemented with 10% (v/v) heat inactivated fetal bovine serum (Gibco BRL,
Bethesda, MD, USA) and 1% streptomycin/penicillin at 37℃ in a humidified
atmosphere consisting of 5% CO2 and 95% air. Cells were maintained
mycoplasma free by treating 5 μg/mL of Plasmocin (InvivoGen, San Diego,
CA, USA). Binietinib (LC Laboratories, Woburn, MA, USA) was initially dissolved
in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, Sigma-Aldrich) to a concentration of 1 mM and
further diluted in RPMI 1640 media. Metformin (also known as
1,1-dimethylbiguanide hydrochloride) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich and
dissolved in RPMI 1640 media to a working concentration of 100 mM. The final
concentration of DMSO in the culture media did not exceed 0.1% (v/v).
Lee E., Kwon Y., Kim J., Park D, & Lee Y. (2021). Antitumor Effect of Metformin in Combination with Binimetinib on Melanoma Cells. Development & Reproduction, 25(2), 93-104.
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7

Hepatoma Cell Line Culture Protocol

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The human hepatoma cell lines, PLC/PRF/5 and HepG2, were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection. Cells (2×105 cells) were grown in RPMI1640 (ICN; Biomedicals Inc.) supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum, 100 units/ml penicillin, and 100 units/ml streptomycin (Invitrogen). LKB1 (the upstream activator of AMPK) absent cell line, Hela cells, was obtained from the American Type Culture Collection as a control. 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-h-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR) and 1, 1-dimethylbiguanide hydrochloride (metformin) were purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO). Compound C (AMPK Inhibitor) was purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO).
Cheng J., Huang T., Li Y., Guo Y., Zhu Y., Wang Q., Tan X., Chen W., Zhang Y., Cheng W., Yamamoto T., Jing X, & Huang J. (2014). AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Suppresses the In Vitro and In Vivo Proliferation of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. PLoS ONE, 9(4), e93256.
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8

Metformin and FTI Effects on HGPS MSCs

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The MSCs derived from HGPS iPS cells (HGPS MSCs) and WT iPS cells (WT MSCs) were cultured in KnockOut Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA), supplemented with 20% fetal bovine serum, research grade (Sigma), 1% nonessential amino acids (Invitrogen), 1% glutamax (Invitrogen) and 0.1% β-mercaptoethanol (Invitrogen). Six hours after seeding, the MSCs were treated with 0.1% dimethyl sulfoxide, 1 μmol/l FTI (tipifarnib, R115777; Selleck Chemicals, Houston, TX, USA) or different concentrations of metformin (1,1-dimethylbiguanide hydrochloride, Sigma). metformin treatment was repeated 24 h after the initial treatment. The cells were analyzed after 48 h of treatment.
Egesipe A.L., Blondel S., Lo Cicero A., Jaskowiak A.L., Navarro C., Sandre-Giovannoli A.D., Levy N., Peschanski M, & Nissan X. (2016). Metformin decreases progerin expression and alleviates pathological defects of Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome cells. NPJ Aging and Mechanisms of Disease, 2, 16026-.
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