The metal abutments and the inside of the prepared crown were treated with 32% phosphoric acid gel (ScotchbondTM Universal Etchant, 3M/ESPE, Neuss, Germany) for 30 min and then cleansed with water before being dried. Following this, 10-methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate (MDP)-containing primer (Z-PRIMETM plus, BISCO, Schaumburg, IL, USA) was coated and lightly dried with a drier. We took and evenly mixed a suitable amount of double-polymerized resin cement (Rely-XTM U200, 3M/ESPE, Neuss, Germany), a base agent, and accelerator, which we then filled inside the crown. After this, we applied a compressive force of 49 N using a static-load device to cement the crown to the metal abutment. It was then stored in distilled water at 37 °C for 24 h for an aging treatment.
Scotchbond universal etchant
Manufactured by 3M
Sourced in United States, Germany
Scotchbond Universal Etchant is a dental etching agent used in the preparation of tooth surfaces prior to the application of dental restorative materials. It is designed to condition the tooth structure to enhance the bond between the restoration and the tooth.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Scotchbond universal adhesive, by 3M (2 mentions)
Relyx u200, by 3M (1 mentions)
D light pro, by GC Corporation (1 mentions)
Transbond xt, by 3M (1 mentions)
Astralis 7, by Ivoclar Vivadent (1 mentions)
Ceram x mono, by Dentsply (1 mentions)
Dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso), by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Adper single bond plus, by 3M (1 mentions)
Filtek supreme xte, by 3M (1 mentions)
Transbond xt light cure adhesive primer, by 3M (1 mentions)
Transbond xt adhesive, by 3M (1 mentions)
Transbond xt primer, by 3M (1 mentions)
Elipar s10, by 3M (1 mentions)
Astropol, by Ivoclar Vivadent (1 mentions)
Express std putty, by 3M (1 mentions)
Isomet 1000, by Buehler (1 mentions)
Filtek z350 xt flowable, by 3M (1 mentions)
Single bond universal, by 3M (1 mentions)
G premio bond, by GC Corporation (1 mentions)
14 protocols using scotchbond universal etchant
1
Cementation of Metal Crowns to Abutments
2
Orthodontic Bracket Bonding Protocol
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Roth brackets (0.018; Gemini Roth System, 3 M Unitek, USA) were used for the fixed orthodontic attachment. Tooth surfaces were etched with 35% gel phosphoric acid (ScotchbondTM Universal Etchant, 3 M Unitek, Monrovia, CA, USA) for 30 s and then washed with water for 15 s. A primer (Transbond XT, 3 M Unitek, USA) was applied to the etching surface with the manufacturer’s applicator. After cleaning the adhesive residues protruding from the edges of the bracket base with the help of a probe, each tooth was irradiated with LED light device (D-Light Pro, GC Corporation, Leuven, Belgium for 20 s for 5 s from the mesial, distal occlusal and gingival surfaces. For leveling after bonding, 0.012 nickel titanium arch wires (3 M Unitek Monrovia, CA, USA) were tied with an elastic ligature.
3
Composite Resin Restoration Technique
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Filtek Z250 resin composite shade A2 (3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA) with single universal bond (3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA) was used as per the manufacturer’s instructions. A Phosphoric acid etching gel 35% (Scotchbond Universal Etchant, 3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA) was applied to the prepared tooth structure for 15 s. Rinsed with water and dried carefully without incorporating oil or water. Precautions were taken to avoid over drying of the cavity. Then, the bonding agent applied with a scrubbing motion for 20 s and exposed to the gentle stream of air for 5 s, followed by light curing for 10 s. Filtek Z250 was placed in a cavity in two increments with each increment of 2 mm size as per the manufacturer’s instructions and light cured for 40 s.
4
Adhesive and Resin Composite Bonding
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The materials used were for the adhesive protocol Scotchbond Universal Etchant ® and Scotchbond Universal Adhesive ® (3M ESPE Dental Products, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA, batch 70201139014) and Ceram X mono ® (Dentsply, Milford, Delaware, USA, batch 141000804) for the composite resin. The polymerization involved use of light Astralis 7 ® (Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein) for all samples. The irradiance tested with a curing radiometer was 750 mW/cm2, which was consistent during all procedures.
5
DMSO Concentration Effects on Dental Restoration
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Seven concentrations of DMSO were used in this study. All concentrations were diluted from a 99.9% DMSO (Merck, Billerica, MA, USA) with distilled water to produce lower concentrations of DMSO (0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1, 5, 10, and 20%). Phosphoric acid 37% (Scotchbond Universal Etchant, 3M ESPE, Seefeld, Germany), adhesive resin (Adper Single Bond Plus, 3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA) and resin composites (Filtek Supreme XTE, 3M ESPE) were used for restorative procedure.
6
Simulating Dental Adhesive Application
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To simulate the ER adhesive application protocol, the upper surface of each dentin disk was etched with 32% phosphoric acid (Scotchbond Universal Etchant, 3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA) for 15 s, rinsed under tap water for 15 s and blot-dried using a cotton pellet (Agava, Prokuplje, Serbia).
To simulate the SE application protocol, dentin disks with the smear layer were blot-dried and used without any additional treatment. Table 2 provides details on the materials used in this study.
To simulate the SE application protocol, dentin disks with the smear layer were blot-dried and used without any additional treatment. Table 2 provides details on the materials used in this study.
7
Dentin Surface Wettability Analysis
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For dentin surface wettability analysis, thirty flat dentin blocks were submitted to surface treatments performed as previously described (dentin demineralization and surface pre-treatment section). Flat dentin surface were randomly divided according treatment (n=6): Sound dentin (positive control); Demineralized Dentin (negative control); Demineralized dentin + 0.2% NaF; Demineralized dentin + CPP-ACP; Demineralized dentin + P11-4. Specimens were placed in the table of the Digidrop goniometer (Labometric Lda, Leiria, Portugal), at room temperature, which were guided against a water drop. Water contact angles were measured with a goniometer equipped with a special optical system and a Charge-Coupled Device (CCD) camera. A drop of water (approximately 0.5 L) was placed on contact against dentin surface and the image was immediately sent via the CCD camera to the computer for analysis, using the software GBX Digidrop (GBX Company, Bourg de Péage, França). Means and standard deviation of water contact angles were measured to assess surface hydrophilicity change by demineralized dentin treatment, including negative and positive control groups. Then, etching acid was performed on each specimen using Scotchbond™ Universal Etchant (3M ESPE; St Paul, MN, USA), for all groups and contact angle was measured again using the same method described above (Ururahy et al., 2017) (link).
8
Bonding Orthodontic Brackets with Phosphoric Acid
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In groups 1–3, the teeth were treated with 35% gel phosphoric acid (Scotchbond™ Universal Etchant, 3 M Unitek, Monrovia, CA, USA), while in group 4, they were treated with 37% gel phosphoric acid (Condac, FGM), etched for 15 s, washed with water for 15 s, and air dried. MBT 0.022 inch Mini Master Series (American Orthodontics, Sheboygan, NY, USA) metal brackets were bonded to the middle of the buccal surface of the teeth in groups 1–3 using Transbond™ XT Light Cure Adhesive Primer (3 M Unitek, Monrovia, California, USA) and TRXT and in group 4 using Orthocem. Light was applied with a Woodpecker LED-E (Woodpecker Medical Instrument Co., Guilin, China) for 20 s. A 0.014 inch archwire (Adenta GmbH, Gliching, Germany) was ligated to the brackets with elastic (Unistick, American Orthodontics, USA; Power Sticks, Ortho Technology, USA). The teeth were re-immersed in distilled water.
9
Hydroxyapatite Biofilm Substrate Coating
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Hydroxyapatite (HA) discs (9.65 mm diameter by 1.52 mm thickness; Clarkson Chromatography Products, Williamsport, PA, USA) were sterilized by autoclaving to be used as plaque biofilm substrates. Both sides of each disc were etched by 32% phosphoric acid gel (Scotchbond™ Universal Etchant, 3M, St. Paul, MN, USA) for 15 s followed by 10 s water-rinse and 10 s air-dry. The discs were coated, incubated with a thin layer of peptide solution at 37 °C for 1 min, by 1 mg/ml of either D-GL13K or 1018 or DJK2 followed by 60 s air-dry. The control discs were etched, but were not coated with peptides. All samples were subject to ultrasonication in water bath for 15 min to remove any unattached peptides. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS; SSX-100, Surface Science Laboratories; Al Kα X-ray, 1 mm spot-size, 35° take-off angle) was used to detect the atomic composition of the coated surfaces.
10
Shear Bond Strength of Orthodontic Brackets
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Ten bovine teeth per group were fixed in self-curing acrylic resin blocks. The tooth surface was polished in the order of 300, 600, 1000, and 1200 grit silicon carbide (SiC) paper, treated with 37% phosphoric acid (Scotchbond™ Universal Etchant, 3M ESPE, Seefeld, Germany) for 60 s, washed with water for 30 s, and dried with air flow for 30 s [1 (link),19 (link)]. Primer (Transbond™ XT primer, 3M Unitek, Monrovia, CA, USA) was applied to the tooth surface by lightly blowing air, and then the bracket (Micro-arch Appliances Formula-R; Roth Type, Tomy Intl Inc., Tokyo, Japan) was attached to the tooth with a load of 450.14 g using adhesive (Transbond™ XT Adhesive, 3M Unitek, Monrovia, CA, USA) in the center of the tooth. Excessive adhesive around the bracket was removed, and light was irradiated for 20 s each in the distal and mesial directions. Teeth were stored in distilled water at 37 °C for one day. The shear bond strength was measured using a universal testing machine (Instron 5942, Instron, Norwood, MA, USA). The edge of the blade rod and the tooth-to-bracket adhesive were positioned parallel to each other. A load was applied using a 1 kN load cell at a crosshead speed of 1.0 mm/min, and the result was recorded as N (newton) and converted to MPa (megapascal) as the surface area of the bracket (9.1 mm2). The following formula was applied: MPa = N/(9.1 mm2)
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