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1 4 dtt

Manufactured by Merck Group

1,4‐DTT is a chemical compound commonly used in laboratory settings. It is a reducing agent that helps maintain the reduced state of proteins and other biomolecules. The core function of 1,4‐DTT is to prevent oxidation and preserve the structure and activity of various biological samples.

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2 protocols using 1 4 dtt

1

Isolating and Preparing Diverse Cell Samples

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Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from blood collected in CPT tubes according to the manufacturer´s protocol. BAL samples were kept on ice, filtered through a 100 μm nylon filter (Syntab) and centrifuged at 400 × g for 15 min. EBBs were processed as described earlier.6 In brief, EBBs were collected in RPMI 1640 with 2% fetal calf serum (FCS). Biopsies were washed in HBSS (Sigma–Aldrich) for 5 min and incubated with 5 mM 1,4‐DTT (Sigma–Aldrich) for 15 min. Incubations were performed on a rocker at 30 rpm at room temperature. Single biopsies were transferred to a 48‐well plate and incubated with 0.25 mg/ml Collagenase II and 0.2 mg/ml DNase (both Sigma–Aldrich) in RPMI 1640 for 60 min at 37°C. After digestion, biopsies were filtered through a 40 μm cell strainer (BD). LN aspirates were filtered through a 40 μm nylon cell strainer, centrifuged at 300 × g for 10 min. Lysis of red blood cells (RBC) was performed with 1 × RBC lysis buffer (University laboratories, Karolinska Hospital, Solna) for 5 min and subsequently centrifuged at 300 × g for 5 min. Cells were counted manually and Trypan Blue was used to assess viability.
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2

Investigating E2 Ubiquitin Enzymes for StoD Autoubiquitination

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To assess which E2 ubiquitin–conjugating enzymes were capable of facilitating StoD autoubiquitination, the UbcH (E2) Enzyme Kit (Boston Biochem) containing UBE2K, UBE2H, UBE2R1, UBE2D1, UBE2D2, UBE2D3, UBE2E1, UBE2L3, UBE2E3, UBE2C, and UBE2N was used. The different E2s were used in combination with E1 ubiquitin-activating enzyme (Boston Biochem), biotinylated ubiquitin (Boston Biochem), 1,4-DTT (Sigma-Aldrich) and buffered ATP solution (Boston Biochem) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Reactions were then boiled for 5 min at 100°C before analysis by Western blotting.
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