To explore the NLA properties of Ag ND–WS2 hybrid samples, a home-built open-aperture micro-I-scan system was employed. The photon energy of the excitation pulse was fixed at 2.01 eV in our I-scan measurements, which was generated from an optical parametric amplifier (TOPAS) with the output of a Ti:sapphire laser (Spectra-Physics, 1.55 eV, 65 fs, 1 kHz). A long working distance objective (Mitutoyo, M Plan Apo NIR, 50×, NA = 0.42) was applied to focus the incident light onto the sample with a spot diameter of ~ 4 µm. A continuously adjustable neutral density filter (Thorlabs, NDL-10C-4) was adopted to vary the laser intensity, and a chopper (Thorlabs, MC2000B-EC) was utilized to modulate the laser frequency from 1 kHz to 500 Hz. Finally, two Si detectors with dual-channel lock-in amplifiers (Sine Scientific Instrument, OE1022D) were used to measure the transmitted and incident light intensities.
Mc2000b ec
Manufactured by Thorlabs
The MC2000B-EC is a modular optical chopper system from Thorlabs. It provides a square-wave chopping signal with a variable frequency. The device consists of a modular control unit and a separate chopping wheel that can be easily mounted in the optical path.
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3 protocols using mc2000b ec
1
Nonlinear Absorption Properties of Ag ND–WS2 Hybrids
2
Modulated Optical Characterization Setup
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Light from a broad light source was mechanically modulated (MC2000B-EC, Thorlabs) and optically monochromated (SpectraPro HRS-300, Princeton Instruments; gratings, 150 Grooves mm−1 and blaze wavelength of 0.8 μm; 150 Grooves mm−1 and blaze wavelength of 2.0 μm). Higher-frequency orders were filtered out with long-pass filters (780, 1,000 and 1,500 nm). The beam was collimated and divided into a reference beam characterized by a reference detector (UM-9B-L, Gentec-EO) and an illumination beam for the sample. The sample was biased with 50 mV (2614B, Keithley) and the photosignal was measured over 100-kΩ-load resistance with a lock-in amplifier (SR865, Stanford Research Systems).
3
Photoluminescence Quantum Yield Measurement
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We measure the PLQY using
a custom-modified GPS-033-SL integrating sphere built by LabSphere.49 (link) A laser diode (Thorlabs, L405P20, 405 nm) is
used as an excitation source, passing through an optical chopper (Thorlabs,
MC2000B-EC), hitting into the integrating sphere. The incident intensity
is controlled with neutral density filters (Thorlabs). The beam hits
the sample within a cylindrical cuvette. Light leaving the exit port
of the sphere, fitted with a baffle to prevent direct reflections,
hits onto a low-noise Newport 818-SL calibrated photodetector, which
is connected to a Stanford Research Systems SR830 lock-in amplifier.
We measure the excitation and emission separately using a short-pass
filter (Thorlabs FESH0450) and long-pass filter (Thorlabs FELH0450)
in front of the photodetector. The comparison of the emission and
excitation results in the quantum yield. The sensitivity as a function
of wavelength is calibrated with the spectral responsivity of the
photodetector. A more detailed description of this calculation can
be found in theSupporting Information .
a custom-modified GPS-033-SL integrating sphere built by LabSphere.49 (link) A laser diode (Thorlabs, L405P20, 405 nm) is
used as an excitation source, passing through an optical chopper (Thorlabs,
MC2000B-EC), hitting into the integrating sphere. The incident intensity
is controlled with neutral density filters (Thorlabs). The beam hits
the sample within a cylindrical cuvette. Light leaving the exit port
of the sphere, fitted with a baffle to prevent direct reflections,
hits onto a low-noise Newport 818-SL calibrated photodetector, which
is connected to a Stanford Research Systems SR830 lock-in amplifier.
We measure the excitation and emission separately using a short-pass
filter (Thorlabs FESH0450) and long-pass filter (Thorlabs FELH0450)
in front of the photodetector. The comparison of the emission and
excitation results in the quantum yield. The sensitivity as a function
of wavelength is calibrated with the spectral responsivity of the
photodetector. A more detailed description of this calculation can
be found in the
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