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9 protocols using anti cd13

1

Surface Protein Staining and Flow Cytometry

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For staining of surface proteins, 1 × 105 cells were seeded for drug treatment and detached on day 3 after seeding (resulting in ∼5 × 105 cells). Cells were resuspended in ice-cold PBS with 3% bovine serum albumin (PBS 3% BSA) containing a primary antibody at the individual working dilution. After 1 h incubation at 4 °C, cells were washed twice and taken up in ice-cold PBS 3% BSA containing a goat-anti-mouse antibody labeled with phycoerythrin (PE) (Santa Cruz, Dallas, USA). After incubation for 1 h at 4 °C in the dark, cells were washed twice, resuspended in ice-cold PBS and analyzed on a BD FACSCalibur (BD biosciences, New Jersey, USA). All washing steps were performed with ice-cold PBS. Data were analyzed using FlowJo Software (Tree Star, USA). Primary antibodies and respective concentrations used during this study were anti-IFN-γR1 (1 μg/ml; R&D systems, Minneapolis, Canada), anti-CD13 (1 μg/ml; abcam), anti-HLA-A02 (1 μg/ml; abcam, Cambridge, UK), anti-β2 microglobulin (1 μg/ml) and anti-HLA-A, B, C (W6/32; 4 μg/ml) (both Biolegend, London, UK). Isotype control antibodies were mouse IgG2bκ (Biolegend) and mouse IgG1 (R&D systems, Wiesbaden, Germany). For each condition data of at least 10,000 cells were collected. Staining for intracellular IFN-γ and surface CD8 was performed as described previously [9] (link).
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2

Comprehensive Immunohistochemical Analysis of Murine Retina

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Mice were perfused transcardially with 4% paraformaldehyde. Eyeballs were harvested and prepared for immunohistochemistry. Briefly, RPE-choroid complexes were dissected out of eyeballs for flat-mounted analysis or cryosectioned (12 μm). Antibodies or reagents used for histological staining were anti-PECAM1 (550274, BD Biosciences), anti-Glut1 (07-1401, Millipore), anti-PDGFRβ (32570, Abcam), anti-NG2 (AB5320, Millipore), anti-αSMA (5694, Abcam), anti-CD11b (RM2800, Invitrogen), anti-Iba1 (019-19741, Wako), anti-RPE65 (78036, Abcam), anti-vimentin (32322, Santa Cruz Biotechnology), anti-CD13 (33489, Abcam), anti-CD45 (14-0451-81, eBioscience), anti-GFAP (33673, Santa Cruz Biotechnology), anti-glutamine synthetase (73593, Abcam), anti-fibronectin (AB2033, Millipore), anti-collagen IV (19808, Abcam), anti-glutamine synthase (73593, Abcam), anti-caspase 3 (559565, BD Biosciences), anti-Ki67 (1667, Abcam) and DyLight594-labeled anti-isolectin B4 (FL-1207, Vector Laboratories) (all 1:500).
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3

Endothelial Cell Characterization Assay

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N-methyl-D-Aspartate (NMDA), NMDA receptor inhibitor, MK801 (Tocris), PKC inhibitor, Staurosporine (Selleckchem), CaMKII inhibitor, KN-93 (Merck-Millipore) were purchased from manufacturers. Fluo-4 AM, AF594-conjugated Transferrin (Thermoscientific), FITC-ChromPure Mouse Transferrin (Jackson Immunoresearch), and IRDye 800CW 2-DG Optical Probe (Li-Cor) were purchased from manufacturers. Anti-GFAP (Cat# 12389S), NeuN (Cat# 24307S), Caveolin-1 (Cat# 3238) antibodies, Rab5 (Cat# 3547S) were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology. Anti-CD31 antibody (Cat# 550,274, BD Bioscience), Anti-Glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1, Cat# MA1-37,783, Invitrogen), Clathrin Heavy Chain antibodies (Cat# MA1-065, Invitrogen), Anti CD13 (Cat# ab7417, Abcam), and LAMP1 (Cat# sc20011, Santa Cruz Biotechnology) were purchased from respective manufaturer. Dilutions for all antibodies were 1:500. Human primary brain endothelial cells were purchased from Cell Systems (Cat # ACBRI 376). Cells were isolated from microvessels from brains of normal, healthy donor and are positive for CD31, vWF. Experiments were done cells with passage number less than 8 for the maintenance of their properties.
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4

Isolation and Culture of Tubular Epithelial Cells

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TEC from mice were isolated from mouse kidney as described and used in experiments after 4–6 days of culture11 (link). The identity of TEC was confirmed using anti-CD13, anti-CD26, and anti-E-cadherin (Abcam)4 (link). TEC were grown on 0.1% collagen coated plates in complete K1 culture medium (Invitrogen. CA), supplemented with 5% bovine calf serum, hormone mix (5 μg/ml of insulin, 1.25 ng/ml of prostaglandin E1, 34 pg/ml of triodothyronine, 5 μg/ml of transferrin, 1.73 ng/ml of sodium selenite and 18 ng/ml of hydrocortisone), 25 ng/ml of EGF, 100U/ml penicillin and 100 ug/ml streptomycin (Invitrogen, CA).
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5

Western Blot Analysis of Cell Surface Proteins

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Cancer cells were harvested, and total protein concentration was measured with the BCA protein assay kit (Aidlab, Beijing, China). After denaturation and separation by SDS-PAGE, proteins were transferred to a polyvinylidenefluoride (PVDF) membrane. Next, the blots were incubated with primary antibodies (1:500 anti-CD13, 1:1000 anti-Integrin alpha V, and 1:1000 anti-Integrin beta 3; Abcam, Cambridge MA, USA), and Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (1:10000 GAPDH; Sungene, Tianjin, China). Next, the membrane was incubated with goat anti-rabbit IgG/HRP (diluted 1:20000; Sungene, Tianjin, China). The membrane was scanned by enhanced chemiluminescence (ECL kit, Beyotime) and analyzed using Quantity One software (Bio-Rad, Hercules CA, USA).
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6

Immunohistochemical Analysis of Tumor Markers

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Tumors were extracted, fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde, and then dehydrated and embedded in paraffin. Fixed tumor tissue sections (5 μm) were deparaffinized, rehydrated and permeabilized in EDTA buffer (pH 9.0). The sections were blocked for nonspecific binding by adding 3% hydrogen peroxide and 10% normal goat serum. Sections were incubated with primary antibodies at 4°C overnight (anti-αvβ3, 1:100; anti-CD13, 1:100; anti-CD31, 1:2000, Abcam, Cambridge MA, USA). Then sections were further stained with secondary antibody (HRP-labeled goat anti-rabbit IgG, diluted 1:50) at room temperature for 25 min, and then incubated with 3,3’-diaminobenzidine (DAB, Beyotime, Hangzhou, China) for 5 min. Last, slides were counterstained with hematoxylin (Beyotime), dehydrated, covered, and observed under light microscopy.
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7

Immunofluorescence Staining of Tissue Sections

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Five micrometer paraffin sections were pretreated with OmniPrep solution (pH 9.0) at 95°C for 1 h in accordance with the manufacturer’s protocol (Zytomed Systems). Blocking was done using Cas-Block solution (Invitrogen immunodetection kit; 00-8120) for 1 h followed by 1 h incubation with two of the following primary antibodies: anti-OCT4 (Ms [Mouse]; Santa Cruz), anti-HLA (Rb [Rabbit] abcam) anti-cytokeratin (Dako, Glostrup Denmark), anti-LRP (Rb; Novus), biotinylated LTL (Vector Laboratories, Burlingame, CA), biotinylated DBA (Vector Laboratories, Burlingame, CA), anti-EMA (Ms; 1/2 of the prediluted antibody; Cell Marque; 247M-98), anti-CD13 (Rb, 1/400; abcam; 108382), anti-CD31 (Rb, 1/100; abcam; 28364), anti-Aqp1QP1 (Rb, 1/1,000; abcam; 168387), anti-AQP2 (Rb; abcam), anti-E-CAD (Rb; abcam), anti-PODXL (Rb; abcam), HNF1B (Rb; MERCK). Detection was done using Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated anti-rabbit and Alexa Fluor 555-conjugated anti-mouse secondary antibodies (Invitrogen) for 60 min. Mounting medium containing DAPI (Dapi Fluoromount-G; SouthernBiotech; 0100-20) was applied. Slides were analyzed using an Olympus BX51 fluorescence microscope and Olympus DP72 camera or a confocal microscope (ZEISS LSM700). Photo analysis was done using ZEN software.
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8

Western Blot Analysis of Cell Surface Proteins

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MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-468, and MX-1 cells were lysed with a RIPA lysis buffer (Beyotime, Haimen, China), and the protein concentration was determined using a BCA protein assay kit (Aidlab, Beijing, China). Afterward, the target protein was denatured and separated by SDS-PAGE and transferred to a poly-vinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane. The blots were incubated with specific primary antibodies (anti-CD13, anti-integrin αv, and anti-integrin β3, diluted 1:1000; Abcam, Cambridge MA, U.S.A.) followed by goat anti-rabbit IgG/HRP (diluted 1:20000; Sungene, Tianjin, China). Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) was used as the internal control. The membranes were detected by enhanced chemiluminescence (ECL kit, Beyotime) and analyzed using Quantity One software (Bio-Rad, Hercules CA, U.S.A.).
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9

Immunohistochemical Characterization of Tumor Samples

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After PET/CT imaging, the tumor tissues were collected, fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde, and then dehydrated and embedded in paraffin. The tumor sections (5 μm) were dewaxed and rehydrated. The sections were rinsed with EDTA buffer (pH 9.0) and blocked with 3% hydrogen peroxide and 10% normal goat serum. The sections were incubated with primary antibodies (anti-CD13, anti-αvβ3, and anti-CD3; 1:100; Abcam, Cambridge MA, U.S.A.) at 4 °C overnight. Then, the tissue slices were incubated with a secondary antibody (HRP-labeled goat anti-rabbit IgG, diluted 1:50, Abbkine, Redlands CA, U.S.A.) at room temperature for 25 min. The sections were stained with 3,3′-diaminobenzidine (DAB, Beyotime, Hangzhou, China) for 5 min followed by counter-staining with hematoxylin (Beyotime) for 1 min and were observed under light microscopy.
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