Beta sitosterol

Manufactured by Merck Group

Sourced in United States

Beta-sitosterol is a phytosterol compound commonly found in various plant sources. It functions as a key structural component in plant cell membranes. This compound is often used as a reference standard in analytical and research applications.

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6 protocols using beta sitosterol

Formulation of Lipid Emulsion Dispersion

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Sterile water for injection (SWFI, Hospira, Lake Forest, IL), Egg phospholipid (Lipoid LLC, Newark, NJ), Sodium Oleate (Lipoid LLC, Newark NJ), and Glycerin (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) were used to formulate the dispersion. Oils used were USP-grade soybean oil (Spectrum Chemicals, New Brunswick, NJ) and CrystalPure EPA 28/12 TG fish oil (Pronova Biopharma, Oslo, Norway). Additives used were α-tocopherol (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO), beta-sitosterol (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO), and stigmasterol (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO). Commercial emulsions used for analyses included Omegaven (Fresenius Kabi, Bad Homburg, Germany) and Intralipid (Fresenius Kabi, Uppsala, Sweden).

Fell G.L., Anez-Bustillos L., Dao D.T., Baker M.A., Nandivada P., Cho B.S., Pan A., O’Loughlin A.A., Nose V., Gura K.M, & Puder M. (2019). Alpha-tocopherol in intravenous lipid emulsions imparts hepatic protection in a murine model of hepatosteatosis induced by the enteral administration of a parenteral nutrition solution. PLoS ONE, 14(7), e0217155.

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Phytochemical Screening of Extracts

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The chemicals used in this study were ethanol analytical grade (Merck CAS 64-17-5100983), chloroform (Merck CAS 67-66-3102445), acetic acid (Merck CAS 64-19-7100056), Mayer’s reagent (Sigma-Aldrich), Dragendorff’s reagent (Sigma-Aldrich), sulfuric acid (Merck CAS 7664-93-9100731), sodium hydroxide (Merck), sodium carbonate (Merck), magnesium turnings (Sigma-Aldrich), Folin-Ciocalteu’s reagent (Merck), gallic acid (Merck), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), beta-sitosterol (Sigma-Aldrich), toluene (Merck), ethyl acetate (Merck), Lieberman Burchard’s reagent (Merck).

Anggreini P., Kuncoro H., Sumiwi S.A, & Levita J. (2023). Molecular Docking Study of Phytosterols in Lygodium microphyllum Towards SIRT1 and AMPK, the in vitro Brine Shrimp Toxicity Test, and the Phenols and Sterols Levels in the Extract. Journal of Experimental Pharmacology, 15, 513-527.

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Quantification of Phytochemical Standards

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Standards of loganin (Lot No. 36483), echinacoside (Lot No. 07538), Verbascoside (Lot No. V4015), Erianin (Lot No. PHL83499), Cinnamic Acid (Lot No. C80857), Tenuifolin (Lot No. PHL83546), Quercetin (Lot No. PHR1488), Ruscogenin (Lot No. SMB00295), Kaempferol (Lot No. 60010), Beta-sitosterol (Lot No. S1270), and Schisandrin (Lot No. SML0054) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co. LLC (St. Louis, MO, United States). Formic acid, methanol, ammonium acetate, ammonium hydroxide, and acetonitrile used in UPLC were provided by Fisher Scientific Co. LLC (Fair Lawn, NJ, United States). The ultrapure water (18.2 MΩ⋅cm) used in the experiment was prepared with Milli-Q IQ 7003 purified water system (Merck Millipore, Darmstadt, Germany).

Han G., Zhen W., Dai Y., Yu H., Li D, & Ma T. (2022). Dihuang-Yinzi Alleviates Cognition Deficits via Targeting Energy-Related Metabolism in an Alzheimer Mouse Model as Demonstrated by Integration of Metabolomics and Network Pharmacology. Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, 14, 873929.

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Quantification of D6-Cholesterol and Phytosterols

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D6-Cholesterol (D6-Chol), phosphatidylcholine (PC) and beta-sitosterol were obtained from Sigma Aldrich (St Louis, MO, USA). Acetonitrile and formic acid of LC-MS grade were obtained from Carlo Erba, Milan, Italy. Deionized water of LC-MS grade was obtained from Milli-Ro 60 Water System, Millipore, Milford, MA, USA. D6-Chol and beta-sitosterol, used as the internal standard (IS), were prepared as stock solutions in methanol at the concentration of 1 mg/mL. The stock solution of D6-Chol was diluted in MeOH to obtain a series of seven working solutions for the construction of calibration curves, validation and sample analysis.
The IS stock solution was diluted to 5 µg/mL in the same organic solvent. All solutions were stored at -20°C until use.

Passoni A., Favagrossa M., Colombo L., Bagnati R., Gobbi M., Diomede L., Birolini G., Di Paolo E., Valenza M., Cattaneo E, & Salmona M. (2020). Efficacy of Cholesterol Nose-to-Brain Delivery for Brain Targeting in Huntington's Disease. ACS chemical neuroscience, 11(3).

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Characterization of Hackberry Lipid Profiles

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The analytical standard reference material (C4-C24) of fatty acid methyl esters mixture, triacylglycerols (including glyceryl tripalmitoleate (tripalmitolein) , glyceryl tristearate, etc.) , sterols (including campesterol, beta-sitosterol, stigmasterol, stigmastanol, etc.) , 5-α-cholestane and 1-eicosanol were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (America) . Chloroform, acetone, n-hexane, methanol and acetonitrile as HPLC grade solvents were ordered from Samchun Pure Chemical Co., Ltd (Gyeonggi, South Korea) . Potassium iodide (KI) , glacial acetic acid and n-propanol were purchased from Merck Company (Darmstadt, Germany) .
Hackberry fruits were collected from wild trees from village areas (Nodeh) in the northwest of Iran (Nowdeh, Khalkhal, Ardebil, Iran) . Khalkhal is located at 37.3481 latitude and 48.4453 longitude and it is situated at 1790 meters above sea level. Nowdeh have four season with, spring, cool summer (＋20-＋30℃) , autumn and cold winter / snowing (-10℃-＋8℃) .

Nodeh H.R., Rashidi L., Gabris M.A., Gholami Z., Shahabuddin S, & Sridewi N. (2020). Chemical and Physical Characterization of the Hackberry (Celtis australis) Seed Oil: Analysis of Tocopherols, Sterols, ECN and Fatty Acid Methyl Esters. Journal of oleo science, 69(11).

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Comprehensive Biochemicals for Metabolic Research

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Streptozotocin (≥98%), 2,2 diphenyl-1-1-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH), 4-nitro phenyl alpha-D- glucopyranoside, yeast alpha-glucosidase, acarbose, gallic acid, tannic acid, quercetin, trolox, diprotin A, suramin, beta-sitosterol, phloretin 2′glucoside, oleanolic acid, rosiglitazone, metformin, cytochalasin B, 2-deoxyglucose, 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX), dexamethasone, insulin, dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) and all other chemicals and biochemicals unless otherwise noted were from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA). 2-deoxy-d-[³H]-glucose (2-DG) was from GE Healthcare, UK. All the positive controls used were of HPLC grade.

Antu K.A., Riya M.P., Mishra A., Anilkumar K.S., Chandrakanth C.K., Tamrakar A.K., Srivastava A.K, & Raghu K.G. (2014). Antidiabetic Property of Symplocos cochinchinensis Is Mediated by Inhibition of Alpha Glucosidase and Enhanced Insulin Sensitivity. PLoS ONE, 9(9), e105829.

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