Cleaved caspase 3 7

MLN4924 (Active Biochem., Hong Kong, China) was prepared in DMSO (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), for cell treatment. Various protein expression levels were examined using Western blot analysis and antibodies such as NAE-1, CHOP, JNK, phospho-JNK (Thr183/Tyr185), cleaved caspase-3/-7, caspase-4, caspase-8 (pro-form), Bcl-2, Bcl-XL, and histone H3, all of which were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, MA, USA). Furthermore, the antibodies against phospho-histone-H3 (Ser10) and GAPDH were obtained from GeneTex (Irvine, CA, USA), and the antibodies against GRP78, β-actin, and α-tubulin were obtained from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA, USA).

Cycloheximide, 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine (5-Aza), trichostatin A (TSA), and rapamycin were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). The indicated primary antibodies against the following proteins were used in this study: STAT1/2/3/4/5/6 (#9172/4594/12640/5097/9363/9362), DNMT1/3a/3b (#5119/3598/67259), cleaved-caspase 3/7 (#9664/9491), cleaved PARP (#5625), S6K (#2708), phospho-S6K (T389) (#9205), S6 (#2217), phospho-S6 (Ser235/236) (#2211), mTOR (#2972), 4E-BP1 (#9644), phospho-4E-BP1 (T70) (#9455), eIF4E (#2067), phospho-eIF4E (S209) (#9741), eIF4G (#2469), Rheb (#13879), TSC2 (#4308), p-TSC2 (T1462) (#3617), p-TSC2 (S1387) (#5584), ICAM1 (#4915), JAK2 (#3230), NFATC2 (#4389) and Myc taq (#2278) (Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA); anti-HIF-1α (610958) (BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA, USA); and anti-actin (sc-1616) and GAPDH (sc-48,167) (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA, USA). Secondary antibodies used were anti-goat IgG HRP (81–1620; Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA), anti-mouse IgG HRP (G-21040; Invitrogen), and anti-rabbit IgG HRP (111–035-003; Jackson Laboratories, Bar Harbor, ME, USA).