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Microstation reader

Manufactured by Biolog
Sourced in United States

The Biolog Microstation™ reader is a compact and versatile laboratory instrument designed for microbial identification and metabolic profiling. It functions by measuring the respiratory activity of microorganisms in response to various carbon sources and chemical reagents, providing data for analysis and interpretation.

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6 protocols using microstation reader

1

Bacterial Identification Using Biolog System

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The Biolog (Biolog Inc., Hayward, CA, USA; http://www.biolog.com/microID.html) utilizes and identification test panel (YT Micro Plate) consisting of a matrix of 8–12 wells (Fig. 3). The first three rows contain 35 carbon source oxidation tests using tetrazolium violet as an indicator of oxidation. The next five rows contain carbon assimilation tests which are scored turbidometrically against a negative control panel containing only water. The last row contains two carbon sources and tests for the co- utilization of various carbon sources with D-xylose. The hardware (Biolog MicroStation Reader) consists of an automated plate reader coupled with a computer, which interprets the results and compares them with the resident database which currently includes 267 species.
The biochemical composition of bacterial isolates was determined by standard determinative tests as outlined in the BACTID system, in which pre-selected media were incubated after inoculation with single bacterial colonies (Fig. 4).
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2

Biolog GEN III MicroPlate Utilization

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Potential carbon-source utilization and the degree of sensitivity to chemicals of the isolates were assessed using BIOLOG GEN III MicroPlates according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The reactions were observed after 24 h incubation at 30 °C and read using an automated Biolog MicroStation Reader.
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3

Soil Microbial Functional Diversity Assessment

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Functional diversity of the soil microbial community was assessed using Biolog Eco Plates as described by Garau et al. (2007). The plate was composed of 96 wells containing a triplicate set of 31 carbon sources (ten carbohydrates, seven carboxylic acid (CA), four polymers, six amino acids, two phenolic compounds, and two amines) as well as three control wells with no carbon. Briefly, approximately 5 g of fresh soil was suspended in 50 mL of saline solution (0.85% NaCl, w/v) in a 250‐mL flask. After being shaken for 30 min (300 rpm) at 25°C, the suspensions were settled for 10 min. Subsequently, each suspension was diluted 100‐fold, and 150 μL of the clear supernatant was inoculated directly into the Biolog plate, which was then incubated in the dark at 25°C for 7 days. Microbial development was monitored by reading the optical density (OD) at 590 nm every 24 h using a Biolog Microstation reader (Biolog., Hayward, CA, USA). The data collected were expressed as the following five parameters: average well color development (AWCD) for the metabolic activity of soil bacterial community, Shannon index (H’), Simpson index (D), substrate evenness (E), and substrate richness (S) at 96 h after addition of sugar alcohols.
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4

Phenotypic Characterization of P. ganghwense

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Phenotype Microarrays (Biolog, Hayward, CA, USA) were used for the characterization of P. ganghwense C2.2 (DSM 109767) with regard to the usage pf carbon (PM1 plates) and nitrogen (PM3 plates) sources, osmolyte requirements (PM9 plates), and pH tolerance (PM10 plates). Synthetic seawater minimal medium (ASW) [44 (link)] without NH4Cl was the basal medium for the microarrays, supplemented with: 0.2% (w/v) urea for PM1; 2% (w/v) glycerol for PM3; 0.2% (w/v) urea, 2% (w/v) glycerol, and no NaCl for PM9; and 0.2% (w/v) urea, 2% (w/v) glycerol, 2% (w/v) NaCl, and pH adjusted to 7 before inoculation for PM10. For the PM array inoculation, the strain was grown on ASW supplemented with 1 g/L yeast extract and 5 g/L peptone (designated as “marine peptone”—MP) agar [7 (link)] for 24 h at 20 °C. Transmittance values were adjusted to 65%, and Biolog Redox Dye Mix A (#74221) was added, with a dilution factor of 100. A working volume of 100 µL was used in each well. Plates were incubated at 20 °C, and the optical density at 590 nm (OD590) was measured at 24 h intervals using the Biolog Microstation Reader (Biolog, Hayward, CA, USA). For data analysis, the OD590 values measured at the time of inoculation were subtracted from each of the following readings. Heat maps were generated using a custom python script.
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5

Biolog Phenotypic Characterization of Pseudomads

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The Biolog (Biolog, USA) system with GEN III microplate was used for the phenotypic characterization of the Psa isolates (S1 Table) and other strains of the Pseudomonad species complex (S6 Table). All strains were grown in KB medium (agar 1.2%) for 48 hours. Fresh colonies, isolated from pure cultures, were chosen to prepare the Biolog inoculum in the Inoculating Fluid following the manufacturer protocol [51 , 52 ]. The turbidity was adjusted to 90% as recommended for default protocol and 100μL of the inoculum was distributed in each well in the Biolog 96-well microplate. The plates were kept at 28°C for 7 days, and daily records were made in a Biolog MicroStation Reader (Biolog, USA). The experiment was independently replicated (two times) following the same method. Among the replicates for each well tested, results classified as borderline and negative means negative, and borderline with positive means positive. Results were recorded and analysed with the R software using the FactoMineR package for PCA and hierarchical classification analysis.
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6

Automated Microbial Identification using Biolog MicroStation

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The Biolog MicroStation System and GEN III microplate (Biolog Inc., Hayward, CA, United States) is an automated microbial identification system based on aerobic metabolic activities. The GEN III plate contains 95 different carbon substrates based on interpreting patterns of sole carbon substrate utilization indicated by color development in a 96-well microtiter plate. By analyzing the similarity of the metabolic fingerprints between test strains and standard strains in the kinetic database by Biolog software, the strains are identified. In this study, the strains M13, M15, and M17 were first cultured on BUG agar (provided by Biolog) and inoculated into a GEN III plate. After being cultured at 30°C for 24 h, the plate was read by a Biolog MicroStation reader to generate strain identification (Wozniak et al., 2019 (link)).
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