Mn(II) ACAC, oleylamine (70%, technical grade), poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), and rhodamine 6G were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich. Dibenzyl ether (≥99%, Acros Organics), hexane (≥98.5%, Macron Fine Chemicals), dichloromethane (≥99.5% stabilized ACS, BDH Chemicals), Dulbecco's phosphate buffered saline (PBS), sodium citrate dihydrate (BDH Chemicals), citric acid (VWR Chemicals, LLC), and manganese(II) chloride tetrahydrate (98–101% ACS, VWR Chemicals, LLC) were purchased from VWR. Hydrochloric acid (HCl) TraceMetal™ Grade was acquired from Fisher Scientific. Ethanol (Decon Laboratories Inc.) was obtained internally from West Virginia University’s Environmental Health and Safety Services. Ester-terminated 50:50 poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) (inherent viscosity: 0.55–0.75 dL/g) was obtained from Lactel Absorbable Polymers.
Dibenzyl ether
Manufactured by Thermo Fisher Scientific
Sourced in United States
Dibenzyl ether is a colorless liquid chemical compound. It has the molecular formula C6H5CH2-O-CH2C6H5. Dibenzyl ether is used as a solvent and intermediate in organic synthesis.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Oleylamine, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Dichloromethane, by Avantor (3 mentions)
Polyvinyl alcohol (pva), by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Toluene, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Iron 3 acetylacetonate, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Manganese 2 chloride tetrahydrate, by Avantor (1 mentions)
Citric acid, by Avantor (1 mentions)
Rhodamine 6g, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Magnesium sulphate heptahydrate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Decanoic acid, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Ammonium sulphate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Chloroform chcl3, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Disodium hydrogen phosphate, by Avantor (1 mentions)
Milli q water, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Potassium dihydrogen phosphate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Anhydrous sodium sulfate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Fetal bovine serum (fbs), by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Methanol, by Avantor (1 mentions)
Chloroform, by Avantor (1 mentions)
Triethylamine, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
9 protocols using dibenzyl ether
1
Synthesis of Rhodamine-Doped Mn(II) ACAC Nanoparticles
2
Oligo-PHA Synthesis and Characterization
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Oligo-PHA, tetrahydrofuran (THF; 99%), nitrodopamine-poly(ethylene
glycol) (PEG) carboxylic-terminated ligand (DOPA-PEG), triethylamine
(TEA), toluene (99%), poly(maleic anhydride-alt-1-octadecene),
PC18, Mn 30 000–50 000
(Aldrich), Milli-Q water (18.2 MΩ, filtered with filter pore
size 0.22 μM) from Millipore, chloroform (CHCl3,
Sigma-Aldrich, 99%), iron(III) acetylacetonate (Acros Organics, 99%),
decanoic acid (Acros Organics, 99%), dibenzyl ether (Acros Organic,
99%), squalene (Alfa Aesar, 98%), and liver porcine esterase(Sigma-Aldrich),
fetal bovine serum (FBS). Pseudomonas mendocina CH50 used for the production of PHA was obtained from the National
Collection of the Industrial and Marine Bacteria (NCIMB 10541). For
the production, characterization and hydrolysis of PHA ammonium sulphate,
potassium dihydrogen phosphate, glucose, magnesium sulphate heptahydrate,
methyl benzoate, and anhydrous sodium sulfate were purchased from
Sigma-Aldrich (Dorset, UK), while disodium hydrogen phosphate, chloroform,
methanol, and THF were purchased from VWR (Poole, UK). All chemicals
were used as supplied without any further purification.
glycol) (PEG) carboxylic-terminated ligand (DOPA-PEG), triethylamine
(TEA), toluene (99%), poly(maleic anhydride-alt-1-octadecene),
PC18, Mn 30 000–50 000
(Aldrich), Milli-Q water (18.2 MΩ, filtered with filter pore
size 0.22 μM) from Millipore, chloroform (CHCl3,
Sigma-Aldrich, 99%), iron(III) acetylacetonate (Acros Organics, 99%),
decanoic acid (Acros Organics, 99%), dibenzyl ether (Acros Organic,
99%), squalene (Alfa Aesar, 98%), and liver porcine esterase(Sigma-Aldrich),
fetal bovine serum (FBS). Pseudomonas mendocina CH50 used for the production of PHA was obtained from the National
Collection of the Industrial and Marine Bacteria (NCIMB 10541). For
the production, characterization and hydrolysis of PHA ammonium sulphate,
potassium dihydrogen phosphate, glucose, magnesium sulphate heptahydrate,
methyl benzoate, and anhydrous sodium sulfate were purchased from
Sigma-Aldrich (Dorset, UK), while disodium hydrogen phosphate, chloroform,
methanol, and THF were purchased from VWR (Poole, UK). All chemicals
were used as supplied without any further purification.
3
Synthesis and Characterization of Metal-Based Nanoparticles
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Iron (III) acetylacetonate (Fe(acac)3), manganese (II) acetylacetonate (Mn(acac)2), zinc (II) acetylacetonate (Zn(acac)2), K4Fe(CN)6·3H2O, dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), 1,2-hexadecanediol, antibotics penicillin-streptomycin-neomycin solution, 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and 10% formalin were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Dibenzyl ether and oleylamine were purchased from ACROS (Newark, NJ, USA) and vitamin E TPGS 1000 was purchased from BASF. The oleic acid (99%) was obtained from Showa (Tokyo, Japan), and hydrochloric acid was purchased from UCW (Hsinchu, Taiwan). Modified Eagle’s Medium (MEM), fetal bovine serum (FBS) and 0.25% trypsin-EDTA were obtained from Gibco (Gibco-BRL, Waltham, MA, USA) for cell culture use. Double-distilled water was used in all of the aqueous solutions.
4
Synthesis and Characterization of Gold-Silver Nanoparticles
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The chemicals: gold(iii ) chloride hydrate (HAuCl4·xH2O, 99.999%), silver nitrate (AgNO3, 99.9%), oleylamine (OLA) and PMAO were ordered from Sigma-Aldrich, Singapore. The solvents: dichlorobenzene (DCB, 99%), dibenzyl ether (99%), acetone (99.5%), n-hexane and chloroform (CHCl3, 99%) were purchased from Acros, USA or Shanghai, China. All chemicals were used as received without any purification.
Gastric cancer cell line AGS (from RIKEN, BRC Cell Engineering Division, Japan); Gibco RPMI 1640 Medium, fetal bovine serum and vancomycin (all from Invitrogen, Cergy-Pontoise, France); DAPI (4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) and MTT reagent (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) from Thermo Fisher.
Gastric cancer cell line AGS (from RIKEN, BRC Cell Engineering Division, Japan); Gibco RPMI 1640 Medium, fetal bovine serum and vancomycin (all from Invitrogen, Cergy-Pontoise, France); DAPI (4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) and MTT reagent (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) from Thermo Fisher.
5
Synthesis and Characterization of Manganese Oxides
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Manganese(II) acetylacetonate (Mn(II) (AcAc))
(technical grade, ≥97%), oleylamine (technical grade, 70%),
and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Dibenzyl
ether (≥99%, Acros Organics), hexane (≥98.5%, Macron
Fine Chemicals), dichloromethane (99.5% stabilized ACS, BDH Chemicals),
Dulbecco’s phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), sodium citrate
dihydrate (BDH Chemicals), agarose, and citric acid were purchased
from VWR Chemicals LLC. Carboxylic acid-terminated, 50:50 poly(d ,l -lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) (inherent
viscosity: 0.15–0.25 dL/g) was obtained from LACTEL Absorbable
Polymers. Hydrochloric acid (HCl) TraceMetal Grade was acquired from
Fisher Scientific. Ethanol (Decon Laboratories, Inc.) was obtained
internally from West Virginia University’s Environmental Health
and Safety Services. Commercialized Mn2O3 and
Mn3O4 were purchased from US Research Nanomaterials
(US Nano), and commercialized MnO, Mn2O3-30
nm, Mn2O3-80 nm, and Mn3O4 were purchased from Nanoshel. Note, that all experiments and subsequent
analyses were performed blindly whenever possible to establish an
unbiased approach.
(technical grade, ≥97%), oleylamine (technical grade, 70%),
and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Dibenzyl
ether (≥99%, Acros Organics), hexane (≥98.5%, Macron
Fine Chemicals), dichloromethane (99.5% stabilized ACS, BDH Chemicals),
Dulbecco’s phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), sodium citrate
dihydrate (BDH Chemicals), agarose, and citric acid were purchased
from VWR Chemicals LLC. Carboxylic acid-terminated, 50:50 poly(
viscosity: 0.15–0.25 dL/g) was obtained from LACTEL Absorbable
Polymers. Hydrochloric acid (HCl) TraceMetal Grade was acquired from
Fisher Scientific. Ethanol (Decon Laboratories, Inc.) was obtained
internally from West Virginia University’s Environmental Health
and Safety Services. Commercialized Mn2O3 and
Mn3O4 were purchased from US Research Nanomaterials
(US Nano), and commercialized MnO, Mn2O3-30
nm, Mn2O3-80 nm, and Mn3O4 were purchased from Nanoshel. Note, that all experiments and subsequent
analyses were performed blindly whenever possible to establish an
unbiased approach.
6
Synthesis and Characterization of Magnetic Nanoparticles
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Manganese (II) acetylacetonate (Mn(AcAc)2, technical grade, ≥97%), oleylamine (technical grade, 70%), and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Iron (III) acetylacetonate (Fe(AcAc)3, technical grade, ≥98%, TCI Chemicals), dibenzyl ether (≥99%, Acros Organics), dichloromethane (99.5% stabilized ACS, BDH Chemicals), Dulbecco’s phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), Hank’s Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS), serum-free RPMI-1640 media, and formaldehyde (16% Ultra-Pure EM Grade, Polysciences, Inc.) were purchased from VWR. Carboxylic acid-terminated, 50:50 poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) (inherent viscosity: 0.15–0.25 dL/g) was obtained from LACTEL Absorbable Polymers and PLGA (7.5 kDa)–PEG (2 kDa)–alkene (ALK) was obtained from Nanosoft Polymers. Ethanol (Decon Labs, Inc.) was obtained internally from West Virginia University’s Environmental Health and Safety Services. Gado-DTPA™ (Gd-DTPA) was purchased from BioPAL. Hydrochloric acid (HCl) TraceMetal™ Grade, Hoescht 33342, CellTracker™ Deep Red, and a Quant-iT™ PicoGreen™ dsDNA Assay Kit were purchased from ThermoFisher Scientific. Osmium tetroxide (OsO4) and hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) were obtained from Electron Microscopy Sciences. An OxiSelect™ In Vitro ROS/RNS Assay Kit and a Proteome Profiler Mouse Cytokine Array Kit, Panel A were purchased from Cell Biolabs and R&D Systems, respectively.
7
Synthesis of Magnetic Nanoparticles
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All chemicals, iron (III) acetylacetonate >99% (Acros Organics); cobalt (II) acetylacetonate 97% (Sigma); manganese (II) acetylacetonate (Sigma); oleic acid >90% (Sigma); dibenzyl ether >99% (Acros Organics); sodium oleate >82% (Sigma); 1-octadecene >90% (Sigma); poly(maleic anhydridealt-1-octadecene) (Sigma); and 1-tetradecene >92% (Sigma) were used as supplied without further purification.
Note that spherical Fe 3 O 4 particles were purchased from Ocean Nanotech® (see SI).
Note that spherical Fe 3 O 4 particles were purchased from Ocean Nanotech® (see SI).
8
Synthesis of Colloidal Nanocrystals
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The following reagents were used as received without any further purification: 1-octadecene (ODE, 90%, Aldrich), oleylamine (OAm, 70%, Aldrich), borane–tert-butylamine complex (BTB, 97%, Aldrich), dibenzyl ether (98%, Alfa Aesar), n-tetradecylphosphonic acid (TDPA, 96%, Aladdin), trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO, 98%, Aladdin), tributylphosphine (TBUP, 95%, Aladdin), triphenylphosphine (TPP, 95%, Aladdin), tri-n-octylphosphine (TOP, 90%, Alfa Aesar), tris(2,4-pentanedionato)-indium(iii ) (97%, TCI) and triphenylantimony (95%, TCI), hexadecylamine (HDA, Acros Organics).
9
Synthesis of Superparamagnetic Nanostructures
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CTAB, citric acid, and aqueous ammonia solution
(25%) were from VWR Int. GmbH (Vienna, Austria); cyclohexane, n-hexane, and toluene were from Merck KGaA (Darmstadt, Germany);
triethylamine (TEA), triethanolamine (TEOA), 2-amino-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol
(TRIS), iron(III) sulfate, and TEOS were from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis,
MO); sodium hydroxide (NaOH) was from Labochem Int. (Heidelberg, Germany);
dibenzyl ether, iron(II) sulfate, barium nitrate, iron(III) nitrate
nonahydrate, scandium(III) nitrate, and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)
were from Alfa Aesar (Kandel, Germany); and ethyl acetate, nitric
acid (65%), and ethanol (absolute) were from Carlo Erba Reagents (Milan,
Italy). All of the reactants and reagents were used without additional
purification. Purified water was obtained from an Adrona E30 system
(Adrona Ltd., Riga, Latvia). Superparamagnetic nanochains (iNANOvative|chains)
and superparamagnetic nanoparticle clusters (iNANOvative|silica cr)
were provided by Nanos SCI (Nanos Scientificae Ltd., Ljubljana, Slovenia).
(25%) were from VWR Int. GmbH (Vienna, Austria); cyclohexane, n-hexane, and toluene were from Merck KGaA (Darmstadt, Germany);
triethylamine (TEA), triethanolamine (TEOA), 2-amino-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol
(TRIS), iron(III) sulfate, and TEOS were from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis,
MO); sodium hydroxide (NaOH) was from Labochem Int. (Heidelberg, Germany);
dibenzyl ether, iron(II) sulfate, barium nitrate, iron(III) nitrate
nonahydrate, scandium(III) nitrate, and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)
were from Alfa Aesar (Kandel, Germany); and ethyl acetate, nitric
acid (65%), and ethanol (absolute) were from Carlo Erba Reagents (Milan,
Italy). All of the reactants and reagents were used without additional
purification. Purified water was obtained from an Adrona E30 system
(Adrona Ltd., Riga, Latvia). Superparamagnetic nanochains (iNANOvative|chains)
and superparamagnetic nanoparticle clusters (iNANOvative|silica cr)
were provided by Nanos SCI (Nanos Scientificae Ltd., Ljubljana, Slovenia).
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